Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation Relieves Chronic Neuropathic Pain Along With a Decrease in Cortical γ Power.

Background: Stimulation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is an ideal neuromodulative intervention, providing pain relief in localized chronic pain conditions because γ-band oscillations reflect the intensity of ongoing chronic pain in patients affected.

Objective: We aimed to observe the role of cortical γ-band power associated with the relief of chronic neuropathic pain through DRG stimulation (DRGS).

Materials And Methods: We examined nine patients (two women, mean age 56.

Tissue concentration of aldosterone in fetal adrenals of intrauterine death cases.

Objectives: Fetal adrenals are one of the main organs responsible for maturation and survival. Extant literature is not clear about whether second trimester fetal adrenals are capable of synthesizing secreting aldosterone.

Methods: We have taken 20 adrenals from fetuses of intrauterine death cases.

Non-invasive recording of high-frequency signals from the human spinal cord.

Throughout the somatosensory system, neuronal ensembles generate high-frequency signals in the range of several hundred Hertz in response to sensory input. High-frequency signals have been related to neuronal spiking, and could thus help clarify the functional architecture of sensory processing. Recording high-frequency signals from subcortical regions, however, has been limited to clinical pathology whose treatment allows for invasive recordings.

Laser-evoked potentials recover gradually when using dorsal root ganglion stimulation, and this influences nociceptive pathways in neuropathic pain patients.

Objective: Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGS) is able to relieve chronic neuropathic pain. There seems evidence that DRGS might achieve this by gradually influencing pain pathways. We used laser-evoked potentials (LEP) to verify our hypothesis that the recovery of the LEP may reflect DRGS-induced changes within the nociceptive system.

Factors associated with mortality among moderate and severe patients with COVID-19 in India: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: Large data on the clinical characteristics and outcome of COVID-19 in the Indian population are scarce. We analysed the factors associated with mortality in a cohort of moderately and severely ill patients with COVID-19 enrolled in a randomised trial on convalescent plasma.

Design: Secondary analysis of data from a Phase II, Open Label, Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma to Limit COVID-19 Associated Complications in Moderate Disease.

Brain Computer Interfaces for Assisted Communication in Paralysis and Quality of Life.

The rapid evolution of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology and the exponential growth of BCI literature during the past 20 years is a consequence of increasing computational power and the achievements of statistical learning theory and machine learning since the 1960s. Despite this rapid scientific progress, the range of successful clinical and societal applications remained limited, with some notable exceptions in the rehabilitation of chronic stroke and first steps towards BCI-based assisted verbal communication in paralysis. In this contribution, we focus on the effects of noninvasive and invasive BCI-based verbal communication on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the locked-in state (LIS) and the completely locked-in state (CLIS).

COVID 19 mortality: Probable role of microbiome to explain disparity.

There is a significant difference between COVID 19 associated mortality between different countries. Generally the number of deaths per million population are higher in the developed countries despite better health care efficiency, drinking water quality and expected healthy life span (HALE) at the time of birth. Developing and underdeveloped countries on the other hand have lower mortality even with higher rural and slum populations along with incidence of diarrhea because of lack of sanitation.

Easing diagnosis and pushing the detection limits of SARS-CoV-2.

Rigorous testing is the way forward to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Here we show that the currently used and most reliable reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-based severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) procedure can be further simplified to make it faster, safer, and economical by eliminating the RNA isolation step. The modified method is not only fast and convenient but also at par with the traditional method in terms of accuracy, and therefore can be used for mass screening.

Spatial Filtering of Electroencephalography Reduces Artifacts and Enhances Signals Related to Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS).

Objectives: How spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in its different modes suppresses pain is poorly understood. Mechanisms of action may reside locally in the spinal cord, but also involve a larger network including subcortical and cortical brain structures. Tonic, burst, and high-frequency modes of SCS can, in principle, entrain distinct temporal activity patterns in this network, but finally have to yield specific effects on pain suppression.

MAPKAPK2 plays a crucial role in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by regulating transcript stability.

Background: Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ranks sixth among cancers worldwide. Though several molecular mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression of HNSCC are known, others remain unclear. Significance of p38/MAPKAPK2 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2) pathway in cell stress and inflammation is well established and its role in tumor development is being widely studied.

Neurophysiological Effects of Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation (DRGS) in Pain Processing at the Cortical Level.

Objectives: Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGS) has been used successfully against localized neuropathic pain. Nevertheless, the effects of DRGS on pain processing, particularly at the cortical level, remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether positive responses to DRGS treatment would alter patients' laser-evoked potentials (LEP).

Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation (DRGS) for the Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Single-Center Study with Long-Term Prospective Results in 62 Cases.

Background: Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGS) treats discrete, localized areas of neuropathic pain. But there are no long-term results available so far.

Objectives: We studied the long-term outcome of DRGS used in the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain.

Chondrosarcoma third metacarpal: Diagnosis and management options.

Chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of cartilage commonly arising in the pelvis, proximal femur, and humerus, but quite uncommon in the small bones of the hand. Although limited surgical procedures such as curettage are mentioned as a management option in low-grade chondrosarcomas, they tend to have a high rate of recurrences. Hence, wide excision is recommended as a treatment option even in low-grade chondrosarcomas of the hand.

Enterobius vermicularis infestation leading to Meckel's diverticulitis in an adolescent boy: An extremely rare presentation.

is an intestinal nematode commonly affecting children worldwide. Its transmission is by feco-oral route. Meckel's diverticulitis due to infestation is an extremely rare presentation.

Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation Used for the Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain in the Groin: A Single-Center Study With Long-Term Prospective Results in 34 Cases.

Objective: Chronic neuropathic pain in the groin is a severe condition and difficult to treat. Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGS) covers discrete painful areas precisely with its stimulation power in comparison to spinal cord stimulation (SCS). It was our hypothesis that DRGS provides a long-term relief of chronic groin pain over a period of more than three years.

Cholecystitis Associated with Heterotopic Pancreas, Pseudopyloric Metaplasia, and Adenomyomatous Hyperplasia: A Rare Combination.

Heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the gall bladder is an uncommon incidental finding in most cases. We hereby describe the case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with symptoms of acalculous cholecystitis. Pathological examination detected heterotopic pancreatic tissue, pseudopyloric metaplasia, and adenomyomatous hyperplasia in the gall bladder.

Pediatric Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma with Pelvicalyceal System Invasion and Contiguous Extension Upto Bladder: Novel and Bizarre Tumor Behaviour.

Background: Paediatric renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare neoplasm which differs significantly in its clinico-pathological behaviour from the adult variant. The clear cell variant constitutes a relatively small histological subset of this neoplasm.

Case Report: We present a very unusual, pathologically proven case of clear cell variety of pediatric RCC which showed invasion into the pelvicalyceal system with contiguous extension up to the urinary bladder.

tACS Phase Locking of Frontal Midline Theta Oscillations Disrupts Working Memory Performance.

Background: Frontal midline theta (FMT) oscillations (4-8 Hz) are strongly related to cognitive and executive control during mental tasks such as memory processing, arithmetic problem solving or sustained attention. While maintenance of temporal order information during a working memory (WM) task was recently linked to FMT phase, a positive correlation between FMT power, WM demand and WM performance was shown. However, the relationship between these measures is not well understood, and it is unknown whether purposeful FMT phase manipulation during a WM task impacts FMT power and WM performance.

Renal cell carcinoma, unclassified with unique features.

Renal cell carcinoma, unclassified constitute about 3-4% of all renal carcinomas. It essentially is a tumor where more than morphological variants or subtypes are seen in a single tumor. Usually there is a mixture of 2-3 different types.

Mapping entrained brain oscillations during transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS).

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), a non-invasive and well-tolerated form of electric brain stimulation, can influence perception, memory, as well as motor and cognitive function. While the exact underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are unknown, the effects of tACS are mainly attributed to frequency-specific entrainment of endogenous brain oscillations in brain areas close to the stimulation electrodes, and modulation of spike timing dependent plasticity reflected in gamma band oscillatory responses. tACS-related electromagnetic stimulator artifacts, however, impede investigation of these neurophysiological mechanisms.

Osseous metaplasia in leiomyoma: A first in a uterine leiomyoma.

Being one of the commonest tumors of the female genital tract during the reproductive years, the leiomyoma uteri expectedly demonstrates a wide spectrum of histological variations. However, heterologous tissue differentiation is a rare finding and frank bone formation is even rarer. The factors that lead to heterologous tissue formation in a leiomyoma are subject to speculation.

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of kidney: A case report of an unusual tumor.

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a rare and unusual variant of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It is important to differentiate this from the other variants particularly papillary RCC since MTSCC is generally low-grade, has low malignant potential and favorable prognosis. We are reporting a 40-year-old female presenting with right flank pain and well-circumscribed renal mass confined to the lower pole.

Lymphangiomatosis: Two cases with unique presentations, salience of nomenclature, and diagnosis.

We are presenting two unique cases of lymphangiomatosis without visceral and bony involvement and critically discussing the nomenclature used in the extant literature. The first case was a 12-year-old boy with ill-defined mass on the right cheek extending into the ipsilateral orbit leading to conjunctival lesion. The second case was of a 14-week-old infant showing diffuse swelling on nape of the neck.