Structural studies of an immunoenhancing glucan of an ectomycorrhizal fungus Ramaria botrytis.

A water-soluble glucan was isolated from the alkaline extract of an ectomycorrhizal fungus, Ramaria botrytis. On the basis of sugar analysis, methylation analysis, Smith degradation, partial hydrolysis, and 1D/2D NMR studies, the structure of the repeating unit of the glucan was established as: [structure: see text]. This glucan showed immunostimulating activity by NO production on RAW 264.

Isolation and characterization of the immunostimulating β-glucans of an edible mushroom Termitomyces robustus var.

Two immunostimulating β-glucans, PS-I (water soluble) and PS-II (water insoluble) isolated from hot water extract of the fruiting bodies of an edible mushroom Termitomyces robustus var. showed significant macrophage, splenocyte, and thymocyte activation. On the basis of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and NMR experiments ((1)H, (13)C, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, DEPT-135, HSQC, and HMBC), the structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharides is established as: PS-I: ->6)β-D-Glcp-(1→ (Water-soluble glucan) PS-II: →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ 6↑1 β-D-Glcp (Water-insoluble glucan, Termitan).

Glucans from alkaline extract of a hybrid mushroom (backcross mating between PfloVv12 and Volvariella volvacea): structural characterization and study of immunoenhancing and antioxidant properties.

Two different glucans (water-soluble PS-I, water-insoluble PS-II) were isolated from the alkaline extract of the fruit bodies of hybrid mushroom. PS-I was found to consist of only (1→6)-linked β-D-glucopyranose. PS-II was composed of terminal, (1→3,4)-linked, and (1→3)-linked β-D-glucopyranosyl moieties in a molar ratio of nearly 1:1:1.

Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides of a hybrid mushroom (backcross mating between PfloVv12 and Volvariella volvacea).

Three polysaccharide fractions (PS-I, PS-II, and PS-III) were isolated from the aqueous extract of a hybrid mushroom obtained through backcross mating of a somatic hybrid mushroom PfloVv12 (Sterile line) with Volvariella volvacea. PfloVv12 was obtained through protoplast fusion of Pleurotus florida and V. volvacea.

Structural characterization of a heteropolysaccharide isolated from hot water extract of the stems of Amaranthus tricolor Linn. (Amaranthus gangeticus L.).

A water-soluble polysaccharide (PS-I), isolated from the aqueous extract of the stems of Amaranthus tricolor Linn. (Amaranthus gangeticus L.), was found to consist of L-arabinose, methyl-D-galacturonate, D-galactose, and 3-O-Ac-L-rhamnose in a molar ratio of nearly 1:1:1:1.

Structural studies of a heteropolysaccharide (PS-I) isolated from hot water extract of fruits of Psidium guajava (Guava).

A water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from hot aqueous extracts of fruits of Psidium guajava. The polysaccharide was found to contain 2-O-methyl-l-arabinose, 2-O-acetyl-D-galactose, and D-methyl galacturonate in a molar ratio of approximately 1:1:1. On the basis of acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC), the structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established as [carbohydrate structure: see text].

Structural characterization of a water-soluble beta-(1-->6)-linked D-glucan isolated from the hot water extract of an edible mushroom, Agaricus bitorquis.

A water-soluble polysaccharide, isolated from the hot aqueous extract of an edible mushroom, Agaricus bitorquis, was found to consist of d-glucose only. On the basis of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC), the structure of the repeating unit was established as -->6)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->.