Optimising aerial herbicide treatment for control of dense conifer infestations: a New Zealand case study.

Background: Conifers, mainly of the genus Pinus, have invaded natural and productive landscapes worldwide. Controlling dense conifer invasions is challenging and requires both effective initial control methods and long-term site management to prevent re-invasion. Broadcast aerial herbicide application is often the preferred treatment method for dense infestations of pines with high rates of complex herbicide mixtures used.

A Sub-Acute Dosing Study of Saxitoxin and Tetrodotoxin Mixtures in Mice Suggests That the Current Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Regulatory Limit Is Fit for Purpose.

Paralytic shellfish poisoning is a worldwide problem induced by shellfish contaminated with paralytic shellfish toxins. To protect human health, a regulatory limit for these toxins in shellfish flesh has been adopted by many countries. In a recent study, mice were dosed with saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin mixtures daily for 28 days showing toxicity at low concentrations, which appeared to be at odds with other work.

Translocation of Loline Alkaloids in -Infected Cereal and Pasture Grasses: What the Insects Tell Us.

Aphids are major pests of cereal and pasture grasses throughout the world, vectoring disease and reducing plant production. There are few control options other than insecticides. endophytes that produce loline alkaloids in their hosts provide a possible mechanism of control, with both meadow fescue and tall fescue naturally infected with loline-producing endophytes showing a resistance to We screened spp.

Effect of Host Volatile Release Rate and Racemic Fuscumol on Trap Catch of Hylurgus ligniperda, Hylastes ater (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Arhopalus ferus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

Early detection of bark- and wood-boring beetles is critical to support the eradication of recently established populations in novel regions. Flight intercept traps baited with semiochemical lures are essential for surveillance and population monitoring of introduced insects. We present laboratory and field data to test potential improvements in trap sensitivity to detect Hylastes ater (Paykull), Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius) (Coleoptera:Scolytinae), and Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant) (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae).

Swath pattern analysis from a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle configured for pesticide application.

Background: Although unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used to deliver small-scale aerial pesticide applications, there remains uncertainty over their efficiency in terms of uniformity of spray deposition and their application efficiency. Consequently, a field study was designed to quantify factors influencing the uniformity of spray deposition from a multi-rotor UAV that is operated commercially in New Zealand. Two sampling systems for measuring spray deposition, a continuous horizontal string and steel plates placed on the ground were compared.

Can Copper Be Used to Treat Foliar Infections in ?

Red needle cast is a significant foliar disease of commercial stands of caused by in New Zealand. The effect of copper, applied as a foliar spray of cuprous oxide at a range of doses between 0 and 1.72 kg ha, was investigated in two controlled trials with potted plants and in an operational trial with mature .