Feasibility and Acceptability of a Virtual Reality Curriculum to Support Firearm Safety Counseling Skills Among Pediatric Residents.

Firearm-related injury is the leading cause of death among US children and adolescents. Residents across specialties report low preparedness to provide firearm safety counseling. Virtual reality (VR) may offer a modality to support residents' skills through deliberate practice in a simulated setting.

Comparing the Clinical Trial Characteristics of Industry-Funded Trials and Non Industry-Funded Trials.

We compared study characteristics of randomized controlled trials funded by industry (N=697) to those not funded by industry (N=835). RCTs published in high-impact journals are more likely to be blinded, more likely to include a placebo, and more likely to post trial results on ClinicalTrials.gov.

A Randomized Trial of Virtual Reality Training to Improve Firearm Safety Counseling Skills.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Resident Education And Counseling on Household (REACH) Firearm Safety, a novel virtual reality (VR) intervention.

Methods: We conducted a single-center, randomized controlled trial among pediatric residents in a Midwestern academic primary care center comparing REACH Firearm Safety with didactic training (intervention) to didactic training alone (control). In the intervention arm, participants practiced firearm safety counseling with virtual characters and received immediate feedback.

Estimating Community Disruption from Nighttime Gunshots in 6 U.S. Cities, 2015 to 2021.

Background: Gunshots affect those directly involved in an incident and those in the surrounding community. The community-level impact of nighttime gunshots, which may be particularly disruptive to the sleep of nearby community members, is unknown.

Objective: Our aim is to estimate the number of people potentially affected by nighttime gunshots and the relationship between nighttime gunshots and median household income in the USA.

How Treatment Effect Heterogeneity Works.

How Treatment Effect Heterogeneity WorksThis Stats, STAT! animated video explores the concept of treatment effect heterogeneity. Differences in the effectiveness of treatments across participants in a clinical trial is important to understand when deciding how to apply clinical trial results to clinical practice.

How Statistical Power Works.

How Statistical Power WorksThis Stats, STAT! animated video explores the concept of statistical power and explains how clinical investigators determine how many participants to enroll in a randomized trial.

How Censoring Works.

How Censoring WorksA common challenge in clinical research is determining the time to occurrence of a given event. This animated video explores the concept of censoring in survival analysis and how investigators deal with ambiguity in the time of an event's occurrence.

Large Language Models.

Large Language ModelsIn the latest edition of Stats, STAT!, Fralick and colleagues explain the statistics behind large language models - used in chat bots like ChatGPT and Bard. While these new tools may seem remarkably intelligent, at their core they just assemble sentences based on statistics from large amounts of text.

Good Intentions to Treat.

Good Intentions to Treat This Stats, STAT! animated video explores common approaches to analyzing data from randomized controlled trials, including intention-to-treat, per-protocol, and as-treated analyses.

Bayesian Way.

Bayesian WayThis animated video explores two possible approaches to analyzing data in a randomized controlled trial: "Frequentist" versus "Bayesian."

Characterizing Gun Violence by Time, Day of the Week, Holidays, and Month in 6 US Cities, 2015-2021.

Developing interventions to prevent firearm-related violence and to address its consequences requires an improved understanding of when these violent events are most likely to occur. We explored gunshot events in 6 of the most populated cities in the United States by time of day, day of week, holiday/non-holiday, and month using publicly available datasets. In some of these cities, gunshot events occurred most often at nighttime, on holidays and weekends, and during summer months, with significant interaction effects.

Firearm Injuries In Children And Adolescents: Health And Economic Consequences Among Survivors And Family Members.

More US children and adolescents today die from firearms than any other cause, and many more sustain firearm injuries and survive. The clinical and economic impact of these firearm injuries on survivors and family members remains poorly understood. Using 2007-21 commercial health insurance claims data, we studied 2,052 child and adolescent survivors compared to 9,983 matched controls who did not incur firearm injuries, along with 6,209 family members of survivors compared to 29,877 matched controls, and 265 family members of decedents compared to 1,263 matched controls.

Press Releases of Drug-Related Randomized Trial Results Prior to Publication in High-Impact Journals: an Observational Study.

Importance: Results from high-profile randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are routinely reported through press release months prior to peer-reviewed publication. There are potential benefits to press releases (e.g.

Rapid, accurate publication and dissemination of clinical trial results: benefits and challenges.

Large-scale clinical trials are essential in cardiology and require rapid, accurate publication, and dissemination. Whereas conference presentations, press releases, and social media disseminate information quickly and often receive considerable coverage by mainstream and healthcare media, they lack detail, may emphasize selected data, and can be open to misinterpretation. Preprint servers speed access to research manuscripts while awaiting acceptance for publication by a journal, but these articles are not formally peer-reviewed and sometimes overstate the findings.

Coding for Physical Restraint Status Among Hospitalized Patients: a 2019 National Inpatient Sample Analysis.

Background: The reduction of physical restraint utilization in the hospital setting is a key goal of high-quality care, but little is known about the rate of restraint use in general hospitals in the USA.

Objective: This study reports the rate of physical restraint coding among acute care hospital discharges in the USA and explores associated demographic and diagnostic factors.

Design: The National Inpatient Sample, a de-identified all-payors database of acute care hospital discharges in the USA, was queried for patients aged 18 and older with a diagnosis code for physical restraint status in 2019.

Identifying drugs with the greatest increases and decreases in spending per beneficiary using Medicare Part D: A cross-sectional study.

Importance: In the US, there are no effective regulations controlling how much the price of a medication can increase. A patchwork of studies examining the reasons for soaring prices has focused on medications that have received considerable media attention, like insulin, epinephrine, and colchicine.

Objective: To identify the 50 medications with the greatest increase in average spending per beneficiary and the 50 medications with the greatest decrease in average spending per beneficiary, and to identify the factors associated with spending increases.