The Validity of Using Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated Antigen and Cytokeratin 19 Fragment Antigen 21-1 to Predict Postoperative Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Nonbulky Early-Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix.

Objective: There are no generally accepted biomarkers for the optimal selection of radiotherapy-based or surgical-based treatment options for nonbulky early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (IA1-IB1 and IIA1). The objective of this study was to assess the value of human squamous cell carcinoma-associated antigen (SCC-Ag) and cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) in evaluation of patients with nonbulky early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix to determine if radiotherapy is warranted after radical surgery.

Methods: Patients with stage IA1-IB1 and IIA1 squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix who were treated at the Department of Gynecological Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, from March 2012 to August 2014 (n = 308) were treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy.

Overexpression and immunosuppressive functions of transforming growth factor 1, vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-10 in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Objective: Transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) may be critical cytokines in the microenvironment of a tumor, playing roles in immune suppression. This study was conducted to elucidate the roles and immunosuppressive functions of these cytokines in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Methods: The expression levels of TGF-β1, VEGF and IL-10 in malignant tissue were evaluated by immune- histochemistry and compared with corresponding borderline, benign, and tumor-free tissues.