Proapoptotic role of CDK1 in overcoming paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer cells in response to combined treatment with paclitaxel and duloxetine.

Background: Paclitaxel resistance and recurrence are major obstacles in ovarian cancer, which is the leading cause of death among gynecologic cancers. During cancer cell progression, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) drives cells through the G2 phase and into mitosis. In this study, we demonstrated that CDK1 played a crucial role in switching paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells from mitotic arrest to apoptosis following combined treatment with paclitaxel and duloxetine, an antidepressant known as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI).

Can chemotherapy be omitted for patients with N0 or N1 endocrine-sensitive breast cancer treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and tamoxifen?

Purpose: Whether administering chemotherapy followed by tamoxifen plus a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist to treat patients with lower-risk hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer provides a greater benefit than administering tamoxifen plus GnRH agonist alone remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of propensity score-matched (PSM) patients who underwent these 2 types of treatment plans.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients treated at our institution between 2009 and 2019.

Survival analysis of breast cancer patients after diagnosis of second primary malignancies, focusing on the second primary hematologic malignancy.

Purpose: Although the overall survival (OS) of breast cancer patients is increasing with improved detection and therapies, so is the risk of breast cancer patients developing subsequent malignancies. We investigated the OS of breast cancer survivors according to sites of second primary malignancies (SPM). The OS of the second primary hematologic malignancy (SPHM) was then compared with that of metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

Nebivolol Sensitizes BT-474 Breast Cancer Cells to FGFR Inhibitors.

Background/aim: The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway is abnormally activated in human cancers, including breast cancer. Therefore, targeting the FGFR signaling pathway is a potent strategy to treat breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to find drugs that could increase sensitivity to FGFR inhibitor effects in BT-474 breast cancer cells, and to investigate the combined effects and underlying mechanisms of these combinations for BT-474 breast cancer cell survival.

The Significance of p-AKT1 as a Prognostic Marker and Therapeutic Target in Patients With Hormone Receptor-Positive and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2-Positive Early Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Phosphorylated AKT1 (p-AKT1) at Ser473 is a functional isoform of AKT and a key component of the PI3K/mTOR/AKT pathway. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of p-AKT1 (Ser473) based on the molecular subtypes of breast cancer.

Methods: To investigate the prognostic value of p-AKT1 (Ser473), we performed a retrospective chart review of patients with breast cancer.

Knockdown of YAP/TAZ sensitizes tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 breast cancer cells.

Although endocrine therapy with tamoxifen has improved survival in breast cancer patients, resistance to this therapy remains one of the major causes of breast cancer mortality. In the present study, we found that the expression level of YAP/TAZ in tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 (MCF7-TR) breast cancer cells was significantly increased compared with that in MCF7 cells. Knockdown of YAP/TAZ with siRNA sensitized MCF7-TR cells to tamoxifen.

miR-3188 Enhances Sensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells to Ionizing Radiation by Down-regulating Rictor.

Background/aim: Rictor is an adaptor protein essential for mTORC2, which regulates cell growth and survival. The aim of this study was to identify microRNAs (miR) that down-regulate Rictor and investigate their function on breast cancer cell survival.

Materials And Methods: Trypan blue assay, MTT assay, polymerase chain reaction analysis, luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis were carried out in breast cancer cell lines HCC1954, MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, and BT474.

Peritumoral edema in breast cancer at preoperative MRI: an interpretative study with histopathological review toward understanding tumor microenvironment.

Peritumoral edema (PE) of breast cancer at T2-weighted MR images is considered a poor prognostic sign and may represent the microenvironment surrounding the tumor; however, its histopathological mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of the study was to identify and describe detailed histopathological characteristics associated with PE at preoperative breast MRI in breast cancer patients. This retrospective study included breast cancer patients who had undergone preoperative MRI and surgery between January 2011 and December 2012.

Value of accurate diagnosis for metastatic supraclavicular lymph nodes in breast cancer: assessment with neck US, CT, and 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Purpose: Neck ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) are all known to be useful imaging modalities for detecting supraclavicular lymph node (SCN) metastasis in breast cancer. The authors compared the diagnostic values of neck US, CT, and PET/CT in the detection of SCN metastasis in breast cancer.

Methods: SCN metastases identified in neck US, CT, or PET/CT during follow-up visits of patients with breast cancer were pathologically confirmed with the use of US-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology.

Aesthetic Scar-Less Mastectomy and Breast Reconstruction.

Surgical approaches in breast cancer have been changing to ensure both oncologic safety and cosmetic results. Although the concept of "oncoplastic breast surgery" has been accepted for decades, breast and plastic surgeons have been striving to develop more advanced surgical skills that ensure non-inferior oncologic outcomes with better cosmetic outcomes. Endoscopic or robotic devices, which are currently available only for chest or abdominal surgeries, could be used for breast surgery to ensure better cosmetic outcomes.

Patterns of Delaying Surgery for Breast Cancer During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Daegu, South Korea.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in South Korea has affected the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up protocols of various cancers. This study investigated the patterns of delaying surgery for breast cancer during the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea and evaluated factors that may have affected the decision to delay surgery. From February 18 to April 18, 2020, which was the critical period for COVID-19 in South Korea, patients with breast cancer who were scheduled for surgery were evaluated in terms of their decision in delaying the procedure.

Efficacy of breast MRI for surgical decision in patients with breast cancer: ductal carcinoma in situ versus invasive ductal carcinoma.

Background: Preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides more information than mammography and ultrasonography for determining the surgical plan for patients with breast cancer. This study aimed to determine whether breast MRI is more useful for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions than for those with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

Methods: A total of 1113 patients with breast cancer underwent mammography, ultrasonography, and additional breast MRI before surgery.

Endoscopy-assisted muscle-sparing Latissimus Dorsi muscle flap harvesting for partial breast reconstruction.

Background: Using the Latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle flap is one of the popular surgical technique for breast reconstruction. However, usually, long postoperative scar was remained on donor site which does not have disease. The authors applied the endoscopy-assisted surgery to harvest the LD muscle flap for breast reconstruction.

Acellular dermal matrix combined with oxidized regenerated cellulose for partial breast reconstruction: Two case reports.

Rationale: Filling materials for partial defect of the breast have rarely been developed because of safety and durability.

Patient Concerns: Two female patients (ages, 53 and 50 years) with breast cancer underwent partial mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Diagnosis: Core needle biopsy revealed an invasive ductal carcinoma in both patients.

Appendectomy in patient with suspected COVID-19 with negative COVID-19 results: A case report.

Background: Even at present, we are in the middle of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and are facing challenges in trial and error. Presently, emergency surgery for patients with suspected COVID-19 is burdensome not only for patients but also for healthcare workers. Therefore, we established a surveillance system in the emergency room and established principles for managing patients suspected of COVID-19 who require emergency surgery.

Real Scarless Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy Using Three Ports Without Axillary Incision.

Conventional transoral robotic thyroidectomy (TORT) requires an axillary incision and additional flap dissection. This study aimed to outline the first ever experiences with TORT using three ports without axillary incision and compare the results between three-port and four-port TORT. A total of 100 consecutive patients were enrolled.

Predicting the Benefit of Adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients with Phosphorylated S6K1 Expression Status.

Purpose: Phosphorylated ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (pS6K1) is a major downstream regulator of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Recent studies have addressed the role of S6K1 in adipogenesis. pS6K1 may affect the outcome of estrogen depletion therapy in patients with hormone-sensitive breast cancer due to its association with adipogenesis and increased local estrogen levels.

Axillary Nodal Burden Assessed with Pretreatment Breast MRI Is Associated with Failed Sentinel Lymph Node Identification after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer.

Background After publication of the findings of the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z1071 trial, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been increasingly performed in patients with breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Purpose To investigate the pretreatment breast MRI and clinical-pathologic characteristics associated with failed sentinel node identification after NAC in patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods Patients who underwent SLNB after NAC between January 2015 and January 2019 were retrospectively identified.

Predicting Radiation Resistance in Breast Cancer with Expression Status of Phosphorylated S6K1.

Emerging evidence suggests that the mammalian target of rapamcyin (mTOR) pathway is associated with radio-resistance in cancer treatment. We hypothesised that phosphorylated ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (p-S6K1), a major downstream regulator of the mTOR pathway, may play a role in predicting radio-resistance. Therefore, we evaluated the association of p-S6K1 expression with radio-resistance in breast cancer cell lines and patients.

Comparison of clinical features and oncologic outcomes between familial non-hereditary and hereditary breast cancer in Korean female patients.

Background: The authors compared the clinical features between familial (non-hereditary) and hereditary breast cancer. And we also analyzed their oncologic outcomes to establish appropriate surveillance protocol for familial (non-hereditary) and hereditary breast cancer.

Methods: Among 232 patients with breast cancer who were performed BRCA gene evaluation, twenty-eight patients were diagnosed as hereditary breast cancer with BRCA gene mutation and one-hundred and seventy-six patients were familial (non-hereditary) breast cancer.

Comparison between ultrasound-guided aspiration performed using an intravenous cannula or a conventional needle in patients with peri-prosthetic seroma.

Background: Peri-prosthetic seroma after implant insertion for breast reconstruction is a common but difficult-to-manage complication. This study aimed to compare peri-prosthetic seroma duration and the number of aspirations associated with intravenous cannula with those associated with conventional needle.

Methods: Seventy-one patients who underwent skin- or nipple-sparing mastectomy and implant insertion were treated for peri-prosthetic seroma.

Clinical Validation of BCT Scores With Prognostic Factors in Hormone Receptor-positive, HER2-negative Early Breast Cancer.

Background/aim: Multigene profiling assays provide strong evidence for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical validation of the BCT score with various prognostic factors.

Materials And Methods: A total of 133 cases of hormone receptor-positive, cT1N0 breast cancers were analyzed.