Ionic liquids (ILs) have very low volatility and are consequently considered as a green replacement to the organic solvents that have been widely used to date. The fire and explosion hazards of traditional organic solvents primarily depend on the combustibility of their vapors; therefore, ILs have been regarded as nonflammable for a long time because of their low volatility. However, recent studies have shown that ILs are flammable due to their thermal stability and consequently, the fire and explosion hazards of ILs limit their practical applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe skin permeability () defines the rate of a chemical penetrating across the stratum corneum. This value is widely used to quantitatively describe the transport of molecules in the outermost layer of epidermal skin and indicate the significance of skin absorption. This study defined a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) based on 106 chemical substances of measured using human skin and interpreted the molecular interactions underlying transport behavior of small molecules in the stratum corneum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has become the most preferred procedure by patients for the relief of pain caused by knee osteoarthritis. TKA patients aim a speedy recovery after the surgery. Joint mobilization techniques for rehabilitation have been widely used to relieve pain and improve joint mobility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFlash point is the most important variable employed to characterize fire and explosion hazard of liquids. The models developed for predicting the flash point of partially miscible mixtures in the literature to date are all based on the assumption of liquid-liquid equilibrium. In real-world environments, however, the liquid-liquid equilibrium assumption does not always hold, such as the collection or accumulation of waste solvents without stirring, where complete stirring for a period of time is usually used to ensure the liquid phases being in equilibrium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTheoretical models to predict the upper/lower flammability limits of hydrocarbons diluted with inert nitrogen gas are proposed in this study. It is found that there are linear relations between the reciprocal of the upper/lower flammability limits and the reciprocal of the molar fraction of hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon/inert nitrogen mixture. Such linearity is examined by experimental data reported in the literature, which include the cases of methane, propane, ethylene and propylene.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTheoretical models to predict the upper/lower flammability limits of a mixture composed of hydrocarbon and inert carbon dioxide are proposed in this study. It is found theoretically that there are linear relations between the reciprocal of the upper/lower flammability limits and the reciprocal of the molar fraction of hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon/inert gas mixture. These theoretical linear relations are examined by existing experimental results reported in the literature, which include the cases of methane, propane, ethylene, and propylene.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA model to predict the autoignition temperatures (AIT) of organic compounds is proposed based on the structural group contribution (SGC) approach. This model has been built up using a 400-compound training set; the fitting ability for these training data is 0.8474, with an average error of 32K and an average error percentage of 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFlash point is the most important variable used to characterize fire and explosion hazard of liquids. Herein, partially miscible mixtures are presented within the context of liquid-liquid extraction processes. This paper describes development of a model for predicting the flash point of binary partially miscible mixtures of flammable solvents.
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