Anti-inflammatory effects of licorice and roasted licorice extracts on TPA-induced acute inflammation and collagen-induced arthritis in mice.

The anti-inflammatory activity of licorice (LE) and roasted licorice (rLE) extracts determined in the murine phorbol ester-induced acute inflammation model and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model of human rheumatoid arthritis. rLE possessed greater activity than LE in inhibiting phorbol ester-induced ear edema. Oral administration of LE or rLE reduced clinical arthritis score, paw swelling, and histopathological changes in a murine CIA.

Genetic characteristics and population study of 4 X-chromosomal STRs in Koreans: evidence for a null allele at DXS9898.

The four X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), DXS9898, DXS6809, DXS7424 and DXS10011 were analyzed by single multiplex PCR in 150 male and 150 female Koreans. The loss of an allele at DXS9898 was observed in 13 out of 450 chromosomes (2.9%) and the PCR analysis showed that the X-chromosome with a null allele at DXS9898 has more than 1 kb deletion at the DXS9898 locus.