Researcher engagement in policy deemed societally beneficial yet unrewarded.

Maintaining the continued flow of benefits from science, as well as societal support for science, requires sustained engagement between the research community and the general public. On the basis of data from an international survey of 1092 participants (634 established researchers and 458 students) in 55 countries and 315 research institutions, we found that institutional recognition of engagement activities is perceived to be undervalued relative to the societal benefit of those activities. Many researchers report that their institutions do not reward engagement activities despite institutions' mission statements promoting such engagement.

Trading green backs for green crabs: evaluating the commercial shellfish harvest at risk from European green crab invasion.

Nonnative species pose a threat to native biodiversity and can have immense impacts on biological communities, altering the function of ecosystems. How much value is at risk from high-impact invasive species, and which parameters determine variation in that value, constitutes critical knowledge for directing both management and research, but it is rarely available. We evaluated the value of the commercial shellfish harvest that is at risk in nearshore ecosystems of Puget Sound, Washington State, USA, from the invasive European green crab, .

Identifying spatial priorities for protecting ecosystem services.

Priorities for protecting ecosystem services must be identified to ensure future human well-being. Approaches to broad-scale spatial prioritization of ecosystem services are becoming increasingly popular and are a vital precursor to identifying locations where further detailed analyses of the management of ecosystem services is required (e.g.

Characterizing changes in marine ecosystem services.

The benefits of marine ecosystems for people are increasingly being characterized through the concept of ecosystem services, with the promise to aid decision making from marine spatial planning to ecosystem-based management. The characterization of changes in marine ecosystem services is central to the application of ecological science to policy contexts, and this field is quickly evolving with innovations in frameworks for integrating science, understanding of ecosystems and human benefits, and innovations in tools for the modeling of services. In this article, we review efforts to characterize changes in marine ecosystem services, including recent advances, and we propose five key future directions for research: cultural values, qualitative or semi-quantitative modeling approaches, cumulative impacts, model evaluation, and markets.

Eosinophilic globules in 3 cases of glomeruloid hemangioma of the head and neck: a characteristic offering more evidence for thanatosomes with or without POEMS.

Glomeruloid hemangiomas (GHs) are glomeruli-like capillary tufts lined by endothelial cells that contain periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive eosinophilic globules (EGs). These hemangiomas are characteristic cutaneous manifestation of POEMS syndrome (Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, M-protein, and Skin changes). Hemangiomas histologically identical to GHs but not associated with POEMS have recently been designated as papillary hemangiomas.

Successful embolization of hepatocelluar carcinoma with yttrium-90 glass microspheres prior to liver transplantation.

We report a case of a patient with end-stage liver disease secondary to hepatitis C, complicated by a large hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of the size of the tumor exceeded the Milan criteria, he was not a candidate for liver transplantation. However, after two treatments with yttrium-90 glass microsphere infusions, the tumor became smaller and the patient's alpha-fetoprotein level dropped to normal range.

Calcium plus vitamin D alters preneoplastic features of colorectal adenomas and rectal mucosa.

Background: Calcium and vitamin D are chemopreventive agents for colorectal neoplasia. Studies of the effects of calcium and vitamin D on early surrogate markers of reduced risk, such as proliferation, have been limited to evaluation of the flat colorectal mucosa. Biologic changes that may occur in colorectal adenomas after chemopreventive regimens have not been reported.

Primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma: presence of myoepithelial cells as a clue to the cutaneous origin.

Background: Primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma (PCMC) is a rare malignancy with probable apocrine differentiation. It is important to differentiate it from metastatic mucinous carcinoma (MMC), especially from the breast. The histologic and immunohistochemical features overlap between PCMC and breast mucinous carcinomas.

Chondroid syringoma. Cytokeratin 20 immunolocalization of Merkel cells and reappraisal of apocrine folliculo-sebaceous differentiation.

Context: Chondroid syringoma (CS) is a benign cutaneous adnexal tumor with epithelial and stromal components. Epithelial components derived from folliculo-sebaceous-apocrine germ are evident in apocrine but not in eccrine CS.

Objectives: To further characterize pilosebaceous differentiation and to identify the presence of Merkel cells in the areas of follicular differentiation.

Solitary sclerotic fibroma of skin: a possible link with pleomorphic fibroma with immunophenotypic expression for O13 (CD99) and CD34.

Background: Solitary sclerotic fibroma (SF) presents as a well circumscribed dermal nodule, composed of sparse spindle cells with alternating wavy collagen fibers arranged in a storiform pattern. The histogenesis and nature of this histologically distinct lesion are uncertain. Whether this peculiar tumor represents a true hamartoma or a degenerating end of various fibrous lesions such as pleomorphic fibroma (PF), dermatofibroma, or angiofibroma is still controversial.

The diagnostic utility of p63, CK5/6, CK 7, and CK 20 in distinguishing primary cutaneous adnexal neoplasms from metastatic carcinomas.

Background: Distinguishing primary cutaneous adnexal neoplasms (PCANs) from metastatic carcinomas (MCs) can be difficult. We study the utility of p63, CK 5/6, CK 7, and 20 expression in PCAN vs. MC.