A simulation of diffractive liquid crystal smart window for privacy application.

Using a single substrate, we demonstrate a simple two-dimensional (2-D) phase grating cell with an octothorp electrode. Owing to the large spatial phase difference in any direction, the proposed grating cell has a high haze value in the opaque state (76.7%); Moreover, it has the advantages of a one-dimensional (1-D) phase grating cell, such as high fabricability, fast response time, and low operating voltage.

Construct Validity of a Simple Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy Model Using a Validated Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills.

Study Objective: To determine the construct validity and interrater reliability of a laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy simulator using a global rating scale.

Design: Prospective blinded observational study (Canadian Task Force classification II.3).

Epithelioid sarcoma of the vulva and its clinical implication: A case report and review of the literature.

•We present a case of vulva epithelioid sarcoma, and review the articles.•The rarity of this disease causes delay in diagnosis and lack of guideline for optimal treatment.•Physicians should have high suspicions in diagnosing this vulvar disease using prompt biopsy without delay.

Does the type of hysterectomy affect the prognosis in clinical stage I endometrial cancer?

Aim: To determine whether clinical outcomes show a benefit from extended hysterectomy in patients with early endometrial cancer.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 101 patients who had endometrial cancer with clinical stage I disease. All the patients were surgically staged, and two types of hysterectomy, simple hysterectomy (SH) or extended hysterectomy (EH), were performed by surgeon's preference.

The increasing frequency of cervical cancer in Korean women under 35.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine the clinical and epidemiological trends of cervical cancer in young Korean women. Social behavior including sexual habits has changed in Korean women, with sexual activity commencing at a younger age. These changes are likely to influence certain risk factors of cervical cancer, resulting in changing trends in the occurrence of the disease.