Global burden of osteoarthritis among postmenopausal women in 204 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Objectives: Our study aimed to provide global burden and temporal trends in the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of osteoarthritis (OA) among postmenopausal women from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: The study employed data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Four subtypes of OA affecting the hip, knee, hand, and other joints among postmenopausal women were included.

La Sota-vectored recombinant vaccine with chimeric hemagglutinin-neuraminidase for enhanced protection against highly pathogenic pigeon paramyxovirus type 1.

Pigeon Paramyxovirus Type 1 (PPMV-1), an antigenic and host variant of the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), can infect pigeons of all ages and cause severe economic losses in the poultry industry. The existing commercial vaccines are not capable of providing complete protection against the prevalent PPMV-1 strains. To address this issue, reverse genetic technology was employed to create a recombinant 167DM strain by incorporating the chimeric genotype Ⅵ hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) with La Sota as the backbone.

Development of a multiplex PCR assay for detection of Riemerella anatipestifer serotype 1 and serotype 2 strains.

Riemerella anatipestifer infection is one of the main infectious diseases that threaten the poultry industry at present. Serotypes 1 and 2 are the main serotypes causing global outbreaks of R. anatipestifer.

[Mycology, chemical components, bioactivities, and fermentation process regulation of Sanghuang: a review].

Sanghuang, a famous ethnomedicine widely used in China, Japan, Korea and other countries for a long history, is produced from the dried fruiting bodies of the medical fungi belonging to Sanghuangporus. With abundant bioactive natural chemicals including polysaccharides, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and polyphenols, Sanghuang exhibits anticancer, antioxidant, blood glucose-and lipid-lowering, liver protecting, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and gout symptom-relieving effects, thus demonstrating broad application and development prospects in the pharmaceutical and food fields. However, the sustainable development of Sanghuang resources is limited by the scarce stock of wild resources, the diverse original fungi of cultivated Sanghuang, the inconsistency of local standards of Sanghuang materials or products, and the lagging application of Sanghuangporus mycelia.

Live Attenuated aTJ Vaccine Effectively Protects Pigeons Against Homologous PPMV-1 Challenge.

Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) is a significant pathogen affecting pigeon populations globally. The commonly used La Sota vaccine provides limited protection due to antigenic divergence from circulating PPMV-1 strains. An antigenically matched vaccine is needed to address this challenge.

Onset and long-term duration of immunity provided by a single vaccination with recombinant a Marek's disease virus with REV-LTR insertion.

Marek's Disease (MD), caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), is a highly contagious lymphoproliferative disease in poultry. Despite the fact that MD has been effectively controlled by vaccines, the virulence of field isolates of MDV has continued to evolve, becoming more virulent under the immune pressure of vaccines. Our previous research has confirmed that the recombinant rMDV strain with REV-LTR insertion can be used as a live attenuated vaccine candidate.

Identification of Brucella RS15060 as a novel type IV secretion system effector associated with bacterial virulence.

Brucella is an intracellular parasitic pathogen that causes the worldwide zoonotic disease brucellosis. The type IV secretion system (T4SS) is utilized to secrete various effectors to help Brucella form Brucella-containing vacuoles within the cell and accomplish intracellular trafficking and replication. Brucella has fewer recognized effector proteins than other intracellular parasites in the Proteobacteria, indicating that Brucella may contain a large number of unidentified effector proteins.

A novel Brucella T4SS effector RS15060 acts on bacterial morphology, lipopolysaccharide core synthesis and host proinflammatory responses, which is beneficial for Brucella melitensis virulence.

Brucella relies on the type IV secretion system (T4SS) to establish replication niches within host cells. However, the Brucella T4SS effectors and their functions have not been fully identified. In this study, we investigated the function of Brucella RS15060, a novel T4SS effector discovered in our previous study, on the bacterial biological characteristics and pathogenesis by construction of the gene deletion and complementation strains.

H5 subtype avian influenza virus induces Golgi apparatus stress response via TFE3 pathway to promote virus replication.

During infection, avian influenza virus (AIV) triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a well-established phenomenon in previous research. The Golgi apparatus, situated downstream of the ER and crucial for protein trafficking, may be impacted by AIV infection. However, it remains unclear whether this induces Golgi apparatus stress (GAS) and its implications for AIV replication.

Newcastle disease virus infection induces parthanatos in tumor cells via calcium waves.

Parthanatos is distinct from caspase-dependent apoptosis in that it does not necessitate the activation of caspase cascades; Instead, it relies on the translocation of Apoptosis-inducing Factor (AIF) from the mitochondria to the nucleus, resulting in nuclear DNA fragmentation. Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) is an oncolytic virus that selectively targets and kills tumor cells by inducing cell apoptosis. It has been reported that NDV triggers classic apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway.

The role of serum α-Klotho levels in preventing hearing impairment among middle-aged and older adults: insights from a nationally representative sample.

Background: The Klotho gene is implicated in suppressing aging phenotypes and influencing age-related diseases. Previous studies have delved into its connection with different diseases, yet the association between Klotho and hearing loss has rarely been examined. A recent population study explored the relationship between serum Klotho and hearing loss, but it had certain limitations.

Coronavirus nucleocapsid protein enhances the binding of p-PKCα to RACK1: Implications for inhibition of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and suppression of the innate immune response.

The hallmark of coronavirus infection lies in its ability to evade host immune defenses, a process intricately linked to the nuclear entry of transcription factors crucial for initiating the expression of antiviral genes. Central to this evasion strategy is the manipulation of the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking system, which serves as an effective target for the virus to modulate the expression of immune response-related genes. In this investigation, we discovered that infection with the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) dynamically impedes the nuclear translocation of several transcription factors such as IRF3, STAT1, STAT2, NF-κB p65, and the p38 MAPK, leading to compromised transcriptional induction of key antiviral genes such as IFNβ, IFITM3, and IL-8.

The Impact of Ambient Air Pollution on Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms: A Prospective Follow-Up Study.

Air pollution has become a serious public health problem and there is evidence that air pollution affects the incidence of allergic rhinitis. To further investigate the effect of ambient air pollutants on the severity of allergic rhinitis symptoms, a prospective follow-up study in patients with allergic rhinitis was conducted. A total of 167 allergic rhinitis patients with a mean age of 35.

The effect of the nucleolar protein ZNF385A on the ribosomal DNA copy number variation in response to Cr(VI)-induced DNA damage.

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a widely distributed carcinogen in industrial contexts and general environmental contexts. Emerging research highlights the central role of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in DNA Damage Responses (DDRs). However, there remains a lack of investigation into the potential dose-dependent relationship between exposure to Cr(VI) and alterations in rDNA copy number (CN), as well as the related mechanisms underlying these effects.

Safety evaluation of recombinant Newcastle disease virus expressing IBV multi-epitope chimeric live vaccine.

Newcastle Disease (ND) and Infectious Bronchitis (IB) are two significant diseases that pose threats to the poultry industry, caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), respectively. Currently, the control and prevention of these diseases primarily rely on vaccination. However, commercial ND and IB vaccines face challenges such as poor cross-protection of inactivated IBV strains and interference from live vaccines when used together, leading to immunization failures.

Virus infection and sphingolipid metabolism.

Cellular sphingolipids have vital roles in human virus replication and spread as they are exploited by viruses for cell entry, membrane fusion, genome replication, assembly, budding, and propagation. Intracellular sphingolipid biosynthesis triggers conformational changes in viral receptors and facilitates endosomal escape. However, our current understanding of how sphingolipids precisely regulate viral replication is limited, and further research is required to comprehensively understand the relationships between viral replication and endogenous sphingolipid species.

Manipulates Host Cell Ferroptosis to Facilitate Its Intracellular Replication and Egress in RAW264.7 Macrophages.

virulence relies on its successful intracellular life cycle. Modulating host cell death is a strategy for to survive and replicate intracellularly. Ferroptosis is a novel regulated cell death characterized by iron-triggered excessive lipid peroxidation, which has been proven to be associated with pathogenic bacteria infection.

[Research progress on structures, activities, and biosynthesis of blazeispirol compounds from Agaricus blazei].

Agaricus blazei is a rare medicinal and edible fungus with a crispy taste and delicious flavor. Both fruiting body and mycelium are rich in polysaccharides, sterols, terpenoids, peptides, lipids, polyphenols, and other active ingredients, which have strong pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, lipid-lowering, glucose-lowering, immunomodulation, optimization of intestinal flora, and anti-oxidation. Therefore, it is a kind of fungal resource with a great prospect of edible and medicinal development.

Occludin and collagen IV degradation mediated by the T9SS effector SspA contributes to blood-brain barrier damage in ducks during Riemerella anatipestifer infection.

Riemerella anatipestifer infection is characterized by meningitis with neurological symptoms in ducklings and has adversely affected the poultry industry. R. anatipestifer strains can invade the duck brain to cause meningitis and neurological symptoms, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown.

The Ca-dependent phosphatase calcineurin dephosphorylates TBK1 to suppress antiviral innate immunity.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor family member-associated NF-κB activator-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) plays a key role in the induction of the type 1 interferon (IFN-I) response, which is an important component of innate antiviral defense. Viruses target calcium (Ca) signaling networks, which participate in the regulation of the viral life cycle, as well as mediate the host antiviral response. Although many studies have focused on the role of Ca signaling in the regulation of IFN-I, the relationship between Ca and TBK1 in different infection models requires further elucidation.

Single-cell profiling of African swine fever virus disease in the pig spleen reveals viral and host dynamics.

African swine fever, one of the major viral diseases of swine, poses an imminent threat to the global pig industry. The high-efficient replication of the causative agent African swine fever virus (ASFV) in various organs in pigs greatly contributes to the disease. However, how ASFV manipulates the cell population to drive high-efficient replication of the virus in vivo remains unclear.

Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus induced degradation of YAP through E3 ubiquitin ligase PRKN to exacerbate ferroptosis in tumor cells.

Ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has recently gained considerable attention in the field of cancer therapy. There is significant crosstalk between ferroptosis and several classical signaling pathways, such as the Hippo pathway, which suppresses abnormal growth and is frequently aberrant in tumor tissues. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP), the core effector molecule of the Hippo pathway, is abnormally expressed and activated in a variety of malignant tumor tissues.