Simultaneous determination of glucose and albumin in human urine using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.

The ability to quantify albuminuria and glucose is important in identifying conditions such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and diabetes. This study utilized Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze aqueous urine samples spiked with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and glucose at different concentrations. The aim was to determine the limit of detection of the technology using aqueous samples for the future development of a pathological prediction model.

Development of nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay for molecular detection of Entamoeba moshkovskii and Entamoeba dispar in stool samples.

Entamoeba moshkovskii, recently known as a possible pathogenic amoeba, and the non-pathogenic Entamoeba dispar are morphologically indistinguishable by microscopy. Although PCR was used for differential diagnosis, gel electrophoresis is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and exposed to hazardous elements. In this study, nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay (NALFIA) was developed to detect E.

Detection of high-risk HPV 16 genotypes in cervical cancers using isothermal DNA amplification with electrochemical genosensor.

Cervical cancer emerges as the third most prevalent types of malignancy among women on a global scale. Cervical cancer is significantly associated with the persistent infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16. The process of diagnosing is crucial in order to prevent the progression of a condition into a malignant state.

Nucleic Acid Amplification Free-QCM-DNA Biosensor for Burkholderia pseudomallei Detection.

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that causes the infectious disease melioidosis, a disease that can still be fatal despite appropriate treatment. The bacterium contains the gene clusters for the type III secretion system (TTSS), which are essential for its pathogenicity. This gene was often employed for accurate diagnosis through the laborious process of gene amplification.

Electrochemical aptasensor detection of electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta for leptospirosis diagnosis.

Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta (ETFB) of is a biomarker for diagnosing leptospiral infection. Thus, the ETFB-specific nuclease-resistant RNA aptamer ETFB3-63 was developed and used in an electrochemical aptasensor to assay ETFB. Although the majority of reported biosensors detect various genes and antibodies of , this is the first attempt to construct an electrochemical biosensor to detect ETFB protein for the diagnosis of leptospiral infection.

A Label-Free Electrochemical Biosensor for Homocysteine Detection Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and Nanocomposite-Modified Electrodes.

An essential biomarker for the early detection of cardiovascular diseases is serum homocysteine (Hcy). In this study, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and nanocomposite were used to create a label-free electrochemical biosensor for reliable Hcy detection. A novel Hcy-specific MIP (Hcy-MIP) was synthesized using methacrylic acid (MAA) in the presence of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM).

A simple and high -performance immobilization technique of membrane protein from crude cell lysate sample for a membrane-based immunoassay application.

Membrane proteins are difficult to be extracted and to be coated on the substrate of the immunoassay reaction chamber because of their hydrophobicity. Traditional method to prepare membrane protein sample requires many steps of protein extraction and purification that may lead to protein structure deformation and protein dysfunction. This work proposes a simple technique to prepare and immobilize the membrane protein suspended in an unprocessed crude cell lysate sample.

Biosensors Based on Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors for HLA and MICA Antibody Detection in Kidney Transplantation.

This work demonstrates the ability of the Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor (ISFET)-based immunosensor to detect antibodies against the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and the major histocompatibility complex class-I-related chain A (MICA). The sensing membrane of the ISFET devices was modified and functionalized using an APTES-GA strategy. Surface properties, including wettability, surface thickness, and surface topology, were assessed in each module of the modification process.

A Multianalyte Electrochemical Genosensor for the Detection of High-Risk HPV Genotypes in Oral and Cervical Cancers.

Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major risk factor for oral and cervical cancers. Hence, we developed a multianalyte electrochemical DNA biosensor that could be used for both oral and cervical samples to detect the high-risk HPV genotypes 16 and 18. The assay involves the sandwich hybridization of the HPV target to the silica-redox dye reporter probe and capture probe, followed by electrochemical detection.

Formation of double emulsion micro-droplets in a microfluidic device using a partially hydrophilic-hydrophobic surface.

The objective of this paper is to propose a surface modification method for preparing PDMS microfluidic devices with partially hydrophilic-hydrophobic surfaces for generating double emulsion droplets. The device is designed to be easy to use without any complicated preparation process and also to achieve high droplet encapsulation efficiency compared to conventional devices. The key component of this preparation process is the permanent chemical coating for which the Pluronic surfactant is added into the bulk PDMS.

3D printed hydrophobic barriers in a paper-based biosensor for point-of-care detection of dengue virus serotypes.

Paper-based biosensor is one of the most commonly used platforms for point-of-care testing (POCT). Among these platforms, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have the most versatile designs due to the different hydrophobic barrier patterns and layers of the devices. In addition, μPADs can also be used in combination with other biosensor platforms to improve the performance of the device.

A Novel Nucleic Lateral Flow Assay for Screening -Containing spp.

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase is a key enzyme for PHA production in microorganisms. The class IV PHA synthase is composed of two subunits: PhaC and PhaR. The PhaR subunit, which encodes the gene, is only present in class IV PHA synthases.

Optimization of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane functionalization on silicon nitride surface for biomolecule immobilization.

The 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) is a common method for biomolecule immobilization on silicon and silicon derivatives such as silicon nitride (SiN). However, there are many parameters which impact the efficiency of APTES modification such as APTES concentration and reaction time. Thus, various APTES concentrations (0.

Development of an immunoFET biosensor for the detection of biotinylated PCR product.

ImmunoFET (IMFET) biosensor is a simple platform for the detection of biotinylated products of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Construction of the IMFET biosensor started with adsorption of 1.5 mg/mL of protein A (PA) onto the insulated gate surface of ISFET for 90 min.

A silicon nitride ISFET based immunosensor for Ag85B detection of tuberculosis.

A silicon nitride Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (ISFET) based immunosensor was developed as a low-cost and label-free electrical detection for the detection of antigen 85 complex B (Ag85B). The sensing membrane of the ISFET was modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by glutaraldehyde (GA), yielding an aldehyde-terminated surface. This group is available for immobilization of a monoclonal antibody against a recombinant Ag85B protein (anti-Ag85B antibody).

The evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification-quartz crystal microbalance (LAMP-QCM) biosensor as a real-time measurement of HPV16 DNA.

We have previously developed quartz crystal microbalance biosensor integrated with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP-QCM) for human papillomavirus (HPV) type58 DNA detection. Infection with HPV, particularly HPV16, remains a serious health problem due to its major risk factor contributing to cervical cancer. In the present study, LAMP-QCM biosensor was evaluated in terms of a quantitative assay for copy number of HPV16 DNA in cervical samples compared to quantitative PCR using TaqMan assay (TaqMan-qPCR).

Importance of Thr(328) and Thr(369) for functional maintenance of two receptor-binding β-hairpins of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry4Ba toxin: Implications for synergistic interactions with Cyt2Aa2.

Bacillus thuringiensis Cry4Ba mosquito-active toxin was previously shown to utilize two critical loop-residues, Tyr(332) and Phe(364) which are respectively located in β2-β3 and β4-β5 loops, for synergistic interactions with its alternative receptor-Cyt2Aa2. Here, structural analysis of the Cry4Ba-receptor-binding domain revealed that its N-terminal subdomain encompasses β2-β3 and β4-β5 hairpins which are stabilized by inter-hairpin hydrogen bonding between Thr(328) in β2 and Thr(369) in β5. Functional importance of these two side-chains was demonstrated by single-Ala substitutions (T328A and T369A), adversely affecting toxin activity against Aedes aegypti larvae.

Two-dye based arrayed primer extension for simultaneous multigene detection in lipid metabolism.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Numerous genetic risk factors in lipid metabolism, including mutations of LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9, as well as polymorphisms of CETP and APOE, have been found to associate with CVD.

Methods: In this study, a two-dye based arrayed primer extension (APEX) microarray assay for simultaneous multigene (LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, CETP, and APOE) detection was developed.

Piezoresistive microcantilever-based DNA sensor for sensitive detection of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae O1 in food sample.

Pathogenic Vibrio cholerae produces a cholera toxin which is the cause of a severe diarrheal disease called "Cholera". Available detection methods, including standard bacteriological test and immuno-based detection, are specific to the suspected pathogenic V. cholerae O1 and O139, but they are not specific to the cholera toxin producible strain.

Surface modification of silicon dioxide, silicon nitride and titanium oxynitride for lactate dehydrogenase immobilization.

Three different types of surface, silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon nitride (Si3N4), and titanium oxynitride (TiON) were modified for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) immobilization using (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) to obtain an amino layer on each surface. The APTES modified surfaces can directly react with LDH via physical attachment. LDH can be chemically immobilized on those surfaces after incorporation with glutaraldehyde (GA) to obtain aldehyde layers of APTES-GA modified surfaces.

Genotyping of α-thalassemias by the colorimetric nanogold probes.

Background: The novel colorimetric nanogold probe was created to genotype subgroups of the mostly found α-thalassemias. They are α-thalassemia 1 (SEA and THAI deletion) and α-thalassemia 2 (3.7-kb and 4.

Silver quartz crystal microbalance for differential diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in single and mixed infection.

The most severe form of malaria is cerebral malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Standard malaria diagnosis is Giemsa stained peripheral blood smear but false negative findings are always reported. Moreover, mixed infections are underestimated by routine microscopy.

A piezoelectric-based immunosensor for high density lipoprotein particle measurement.

A piezoelectric-based immunosensor was developed for high density lipoprotein particle (HDL-P) measurement. Monoclonal anti-human apolipoprotein A1 antibody was used as a specific binding molecule for the major apolipoprotein of HDL-P. This sensing element was fabricated by immobilizing the anti-human apolipoprotein A1 on a 12 MHz AT-cut quartz crystal via a 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) self-assembled monolayer.

Microfluidic biosensor for cholera toxin detection in fecal samples.

Sample preparation and processing steps are the most critical assay aspects that require our attention in the development of diagnostic devices for analytes present in complex matrices. In the best scenarios, diagnostic devices should use only simple sample processing. We have therefore investigated minimal preparation of stool samples and their effect on our sensitive microfluidic immunosensor for the detection of cholera toxin.

Molecular diagnosis of α-thalassemias by the colorimetric nanogold.

A new application of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a colorimetric method for gene detection of α-thalassemia 1 (SEA deletion) is reported here for the first time. This technique is based on color changes from salt-induced aggregation of un-hybridized nanogold probes after hybridization with the target DNA. Specific DNA probes were synthesized, thiol modified and conjugated on the surface of AuNPs.