Evaluating the potential of ChatGPT-4 in ophthalmology: The good, the bad and the ugly.

There is growing interest nowadays for artificial intelligence (AI) in all medical fields. Beyond the direct medical application of AI to medical data, generative AI such as "pre-trained transformer" (GPT) could significantly change the ophthalmology landscape, opening up new avenues for enhancing precision, productivity, and patient outcomes. At present, ChatGPT-4 has been investigated in various ways in ophthalmology for research, medical education, and support for clinical decisions purposes.

Exposure to the non-phthalate plasticizer di-heptyl succinate is less disruptive to C57bl/6N mouse recovery from a myocardial infarction than DEHP, TOTM or related di-octyl succinate.

Phthalate plasticizers are incorporated into plastics to make them soft and malleable, but are known to leach out of the final product into their surroundings with potential detrimental effects to human and ecological health. The replacement of widely-used phthalate plasticizers, such as di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), that are of known toxicity, by the commercially-available alternative Tris(2-ethylhexyl) tri-mellitate (TOTM) is increasing. Additionally, several newly designed "green" plasticizers, including di-heptyl succinate (DHPS) and di-octyl succinate (DOS) have been identified as potential replacements.

[Development of a chatbot (conversational app) for cataract surgery patients].

Introduction: The goal of this study was to create and promote a type of chatbot or conversational app, for patients who need cataract surgery and to evaluate its acceptability.

Methods: Multicentric prospective clinical study in two phases. Phase I : distribution of a questionnaire of 20 questions (evaluating patients' knowledge about cataracts and cataract surgery and their expectations in terms of patient education).

A Rare Chromosome Rearrangement Leading to de la Chapelle Syndrome with a Mosaic 45,X Cell Line: (46,X,psu dic(X;Y)(p22.13;q11.221)/45,X/45,psu dic(X;Y)(p22.13;q11.221).

Infertility affects about 15% of couples of childbearing age. About half of these cases can be attributed predominantly to a male factor, such as a quantitative or qualitative impairment in spermatogenesis. The first-line genetic screening for non-obstructive azoospermia is limited to karyotyping (to identify chromosome abnormalities) and Y chromosome microdeletions screening, with a view to explaining the spermatogenetic failure and evaluating the likelihood of sperm retrieval in a testicular biopsy.

Refractive errors in a large dataset of French children: the ANJO study.

Undetected refractive errors (REs) in children can lead to irreversible vision loss. This study aimed to show the proportions of REs in French children using cycloplegic refraction. Multicentre cross-sectional retrospective study including children with cycloplegic refraction and without associated ocular conditions from 2015 to 2018 in French eye clinics.

Acute exposure to phthalates during recovery from a myocardial infarction induces greater inflammasome activation in male C57bl/6N mice.

Plasticizers escape from medical devices used in cardiac surgery into patient blood and tissues. Increased di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) exposure is correlated with chronic inflammation in vivo and increased cytokine release in exposed monocytes in vitro. To determine if acute phthalate exposure enhanced inflammation in a model of cardiac damage, we measured immune cell infiltration, inflammasome expression and cardiac function in male C57bl/6 N mice exposed to phthalates during recovery from a surgically-induced myocardial infarction (MI).

TrpNet: Understanding Tryptophan Metabolism across Gut Microbiome.

Crosstalk between the gut microbiome and the host plays an important role in animal development and health. Small compounds are key mediators in this host-gut microbiome dialogue. For instance, tryptophan metabolites, generated by biotransformation of tryptophan through complex host-microbiome co-metabolism can trigger immune, metabolic, and neuronal effects at local and distant sites.

State of the Art in Robot-Assisted Eye Surgery.

Despite the advantages that robot-assisted surgery can offer to patient care, its use in ophthalmic surgery has not yet progressed to the extent seen in other fields. As such, its use remains limited to research environments, both basic and clinical. The technical specifications for such ophthalmic surgical robots are highly challenging, but rapid progress has been made in recent years, and recent developments in this field ensure that the use of this technology in operating theatres will soon be a real possibility.

COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system: insights into effects and treatments.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an acute and highly transmissible infectious disease, has reached a pandemic level since 11 March 2020 and continues to challenge the healthcare system worldwide. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is a complex process involving mechanisms that suppress the host antiviral and innate immune response, while triggering marked activation of coagulation and hyperinflammation leading to cytokine storm in severe COVID-19. This review summarizes current evidence related to COVID-19-associated cardiovascular severe illness and mortality, which encompasses life-threatening clinical manifestations, including myocardial injury, fulminant myocarditis, cardiac arrhythmia, and ischemic stroke.

Can novel early non-invasive biomarkers of embryo quality be identified with time-lapse imaging to predict live birth?

Study Question: Can time-lapse imaging systems make it possible to identify novel early non-invasive biomarkers to predict live birth?

Summary Answer: From mostly high-grade embryos, out of 35 morphometric, morphologic and morphokinetic variables, only pronuclei (PN) position at time of PN juxtaposition and the absence of multinucleated blastomeres at the 2-cell stage (MNB2cell), were potentially associated with live birth.

What Is Known Already: Previous studies indicate that some kinetic markers may be predictive of blastocyst development and embryonic implantation. Certain teams have suggested including some of them in decisional algorithms for embryo transfers.

Robot-Assisted Simulated Strabismus Surgery.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the feasibility of robot-assisted simulated strabismus surgery using the new da Vinci Xi Surgical System and to report what we believe is the first use of a surgical robot in experimental eye muscle surgery.

Methods: Robot-assisted strabismus surgeries were performed on a strabismus eye model using the robotic da Vinci Xi Surgical System. On the lateral rectus of each eye, we performed a procedure including, successively, a 4-mm plication followed by a 4-mm recession of the muscle to end with a 4-mm resection.

Randomized controlled trial comparing embryo culture in two incubator systems: G185 K-System versus EmbryoScope.

Objective: To study whether the closed culture system, as compared with a benchtop incubator with similar culture conditions, has a positive impact on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: University hospital.

Da Vinci Xi Robot-Assisted Penetrating Keratoplasty.

Purpose: This study aims (1) to investigate the feasibility of robot-assisted penetrating keratoplasty (PK) using the new Da Vinci Xi Surgical System and (2) to report what we believe to be the first use of this system in experimental eye surgery.

Methods: Robot-assisted PK procedures were performed on human corneal transplants using the Da Vinci Xi Surgical System. After an 8-mm corneal trephination, four interrupted sutures and one 10.

Robot-assisted simulated cataract surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of robot-assisted simulated cataract surgery.

Setting: Institut de Recherche Contre les Cancers de l'Appareil Digestif, European Institute of Telesurgery, and Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.

Design: Experimental study.

Robotically Assisted Pterygium Surgery: First Human Case.

Purpose: Little research has been done on robotic ocular microsurgery. This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of pterygium surgery using a robotic surgical system.

Methods: Robot-assisted pterygium surgery was performed on a 73-year-old patient with nasal and temporal pterygia using the DaVinci Si HD robotic Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical Inc).

Emergency bedside extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for rescue of acute tracheal obstruction.

A 39-year-old man experienced total obstruction of a distal tracheal plastic stent by a tumor mass, preventing effective ventilation and resulting in cardiac arrest. Resuscitation by emergency bedside venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) permitted time to physically remove the obstructing tumor and reestablish successful ventilation and liberation from ventilatory support. We review several other reported cases of emergency ECMO to resuscitate patients with acute airway obstruction.

Clinical strategies and outcomes in advanced heart failure patients older than 70 years of age receiving the HeartMate II left ventricular assist device: a community hospital experience.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine outcomes in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients older than age 70 years.

Background: Food and Drug Administration approval of the HeartMate II (Thoratec Corporation, Pleasanton, California) LVAD for destination therapy has provided an attractive option for older patients with advanced heart failure.

Methods: Fifty-five patients received the HeartMate II LVAD between October 5, 2005, and January 1, 2010, as part of either the bridge to transplantation or destination therapy trials at a community hospital.

Aortic valve closure associated with HeartMate left ventricular device support: technical considerations and long-term results.

Background: Aortic valve integrity is crucial for optimal left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. Pre-existing native aortic insufficiency, aortic valve incompetence acquired during support, as well as previously placed prosthetic aortic valves present unique problems for these patients.

Methods: We reviewed and analyzed data for 28 patients who underwent left ventricular outflow tract closure associated with HeartMate I (n =12) and HeartMate II (n = 16) LVAD insertion or exchange.

HeartMate left ventricular assist system exchange: results and technical considerations.

The duration times of left ventricular assist system (LVAS) support have increased because of prolonged wait times for transplant and the more frequent use of devices for destination therapy. The HeartMate LVAS, the only device approved for bridge to transplant and destination therapy, has limited durability, making replacement increasingly necessary. Since 1996, we have exchanged 19 left ventricular assist devices in 15 patients (11 men: mean age, 57.

Continuous somatosensory evoked potentials monitoring is highly sensitive to intraoperative occlusion of iliac artery during anterior lumbar interbody fusion: case report.

We report a case of thrombotic occlusion of the left common iliac artery during an L5-S1 anterior interbody fusion exposed via a retroperitoneal approach. The loss of distal blood flow was detected by loss of cortical and peripheral somatosensory evoked potentials on the left lower extremity. Restoration of the blood flow resulted in gradual return of evoked potentials of the involved extremity.

Laparoscopic diagnosis and management of ovarian torsion in the newborn.

Background And Objectives: The application of laparoscopic techniques in the surgical management of neonatal ovarian cysts is proving valuable both as a diagnostic tool and a potential therapeutic intervention. We report the successful management of a prenatally diagnosed ovarian cyst in a newborn female and provide operative evidence for the presumptive etiology of the cyst.

Methods And Results: A prenatally diagnosed ovarian cyst was managed using 5 mm laparoscopic instruments in a newborn female.

Effects of chronic pulmonary overcirculation on pulmonary vasomotor tone.

Background: A model of shunt-induced pulmonary hypertension was used to study the effects of pulmonary overcirculation on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cytochrome P450-4A (cP450-4A) vasodilatory mechanisms and related hemodynamic responses.

Methods: An aortopulmonary shunt was constructed in 6-week-old piglets (n = 7, sham-operated controls n = 8). Hemodynamic measurements were made 4 weeks later under serial experimental conditions: baseline (fractional concentration of oxygen, 0.

Flow-induced vasodilation in the ferret lung.

To examine the possibility that shear stress may be a pulmonary vasodilator stimulus, we studied the effect of changing blood flow on the diameters of small pulmonary arteries in isolated perfused ferret lung lobes. The arteries studied were in the approximately 0.3- to 1.