The Biosorption of Copper(II) Using a Natural Biofilm Formed on the Stones from the Metro River, Malang City, Indonesia.

Biofilm is the predominant habitat of microbes in aquatic ecosystems. Microhabitat inside the biofilm matrix is a nutrient-rich environment promoted by the adsorption of nutrient ions from the surrounding water. Biofilms can not only adsorb ions that are nutrients but also other ions, such as heavy metals.