Mobile Device Use Among Rural, Low-Income Families and the Feasibility of an App to Encourage Preschoolers' Physical Activity: Qualitative Study.

Background: As mobile devices are becoming ubiquitous, technology-based interventions provide a promising strategy to positively influence health behaviors of families with young children. However, questions remain about the feasibility and acceptability of intervention delivery via mobile apps in low-income, rural settings and among families with preschoolers.

Objective: The aims of this study were to understand the content and context of mobile device use for preschoolers; explore parent beliefs on this topic, including the acceptability of intervention delivery via mobile devices; and test a prototype of an app to encourage preschoolers' physical activity with both parents and children.

HEROs: Design of a Mixed-Methods Formative Research Phase for an Ecocultural Intervention to Promote Healthy Eating and Activity Behaviors in Rural Families With Preschoolers.

Objective: To describe the mixed-methods formative research phase in the development of the Healthy Environments Study (HEROs), a technology-based, interactive family intervention to promote healthy eating and activity behaviors for young children in the home environment.

Design: A mixed-method iterative approach, using ecocultural theory as a framework, will guide the development of both quantitative and qualitative formative research assessments.

Setting: Rural eastern Colorado.

Parent Perceptions of Mobile Device Use Among Preschool-Aged Children in Rural Head Start Centers.

Objective: To describe child use and parents' beliefs and comfort with young children's use of mobile devices in low-income, rural communities.

Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The survey, which consisted of 18 multiple-part questions, was distributed to families at 5 Head Start/preschool centers in Colorado.

The Bioenhancer Piperine is at Least Trimorphic.

Polymer-induced heteronucleation (PIHn), a powerful crystalline polymorph discovery method, has revealed two novel polymorphs of the low solubility bioenhancer piperine. Both of these forms exhibit enhanced solubility when compared to the commercial polymorph, thereby potentially improving the efficacy of piperine as a bioenhancer. Structural comparison of the three forms reveals that π-π interactions are only present in the two newly discovered forms.

Levels in Games for Health.

There is a time-honored procedure in games for pure entertainment wherein games challenge their players by offering successfully higher levels of difficulty. An eminent researcher proposed that player engagement and enjoyment require the player being constantly challenged, but at a level she or he can handle. A game's difficulty levels enable the player to face more difficult challenges as she or he builds gameplaying skills.

Polymorph Discrimination using Low Wavenumber Raman Spectroscopy.

Characterization of crystalline polymorphs and their quantitation has become an integral part of the pre-clinical drug development process. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the rapid identification of phases of pharmaceuticals. In the present work we demonstrate the use of low wavenumber Raman vibrational spectroscopy (including phonon measurement) for discrimination among polymorphs.

The power of play: Innovations in Getting Active Summit 2011: a science panel proceedings report from the American Heart Association.

Background: To examine the influence active-play video gaming (also referred to as exergaming, exertainment, and active gaming) might have on improving health-related skills, enhancing self-esteem and self-efficacy, promoting social support, and ultimately motivating positive changes in health behaviors, the American Heart Association convened The Power of Play: Innovations in Getting Active Summit. The summit, as well as a follow-up science panel, was hosted by the American Heart Association and Nintendo of America.

Methods And Results: The science panel discussed the current state of research on active-play video gaming and its potential to serve as a gateway experience that might motivate players to increase the amount and intensity of physical activity in their daily lives.

Effects of alpha/beta-androstenediol immune regulating hormones on bone remodeling and apoptosis in osteoblasts.

A large body of evidence suggests that the immune system directly impacts bone physiology. We tested whether immune regulating hormones (IRH), 17beta-androstenediol (beta-AED), 7beta,17beta-androstenetriol (beta-AET) or the 17alpha-androstenediol (alpha-AED), and 7alpha,17beta-androstenetriol (alpha-AET) metabolites could directly influence bone remodeling in vitro using human fetal osteoblasts (FOB-9). The impact on bone remodeling was examined by comparing the ratio of RANKL/OPG gene expression in response to AED and AET compounds.

Dispositions, scripts, or motivated correction? Understanding ideological differences in explanations for social problems.

Research has consistently found that liberals and conservatives generate different attributions for the causes of social problems and respond differently to people who have internal-controllable causes for needing help. Five studies using a variety of methods (the "college bowl" paradigm, the attitude-attribution paradigm, 2 surveys with nationally representative samples, and an experiment that assessed attributional judgments under varying levels of cognitive load) explored whether these differences could be explained by (a) underlying dispositional differences in the tendency to see the causes of behavior as personally or situationally located, (b) ideological scripts, or (c) differences in the motivation to correct personal attributions. Results were most consistent with the motivated correction explanation.

[Direct cost assessment of wrist fractures].

Purpose Of The Study: The cost effectiveness of wrist fractures in 1996 at Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital in Paris has been thoroughly analysed. The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify the factors responsible for the variation in the treatment cost of those fractures.

Material And Methods: Cost, hospital stay, functional status, ASA score and surgical treatment were analysed in 53 patients with a median age of 57 years.

[Value and limits of determining serum cobalt levels in patients with metal on metal articulating prostheses].

Purpose Of The Study: The purpose of this study was to measure the serum cobalt levels and their correlation with clinical and radiological findings in patients with metal on metal hip articulating surfaces.

Method: Forty-one patients with metal on metal hip arthroplasty were reviewed retrospectively at mean follow-up of 12.9 months.

Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P450 2B1 by N-benzyl-1-aminobenzotriazole.

The kinetics of inactivation of cytochrome P450 2B1, the major phenobarbital inducible rat hepatic P450, by N-benzyl-1-aminobenzotriazole (BBT) were characterized. Purified, reconstituted P450 2B1 7-ethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin (7-EFC) O-deethylase activity was inhibited by BBT in a mechanism-based manner. The loss of O-deethylase activity followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and was NADPH and BBT dependent.

[Evaluation of the direct cost of trochanteric fractures in the elderly].

Purpose Of The Study: The cost effectiveness of trochanteric hip fractures in 1995 at Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital in Paris has been thoroughly analysed. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify the factors responsible for the variation in the treatment cost of those fractures.

Material And Methods: Cost, Hospital stay, functional status, ASA score, mental status and surgical treatment were analysed in 74 patients aged over 60 years old.

[Surgical treatment of deformities of the thoracic and lumbar spine by posterior spinal osteotomy].

From 1987 to 1993, we performed spinal osteotomy with posterior closing-wedge using a single-operation technique in 20 patients with kyphosis. Spinal deformity resulted from mal union after spinal injury in 13 patients and from ankylosing spondylarthritis in 7. Mean duration of the procedure was 4 h 15 min (range 2 h 30 min to 7 h) for mal union and 3 hours (2 h 30 to 4 h) for ankylosing spondylarthritis.

Dirofilaria immitis: do filarial cyclooxygenase products depress endothelium-dependent relaxation in the in vitro rat aorta?

Endothelial cells modulate the function of their underlying smooth muscle. Thus, altered endothelial behavior could be important in the pathogenesis of vascular and lymphatic diseases, including human and animal filariasis. Endothelium-dependent relaxation is depressed in both in vivo canine femoral artery of dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis and in vitro rat aorta exposed to adult D.

Prevalence of eating disorders among dietetics students: does nutrition education make a difference?

Several studies have indicated that college students majoring in dietetics have more problems associated with food than do students majoring in other disciplines. If this is true, dietetics students may need more counseling and education on eating disorders, especially because many will eventually be counseling others professionally. To assess the prevalence of negative eating behaviors among college dietetics majors, surveys based on the Eating Pattern Questionnaire were distributed to college women with majors in dietetics and other selected disciplines at a medium-sized California university.

Complex mixture analysis based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with time array detection using a beam deflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

A beam deflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer was developed in conjunction with an integrating transient recorder to provide time array detection, permitting high mass spectral scan file acquisition rates for complex mixture analysis by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results are presented for the analysis of a urinary organic acid mixture by GC-MS at a scan file acquisition rate of 10 scan files per second (sf/s), showing the advantages of such data collection in the deconvolution of partially resolved components. The reconstructed total ion current (RTIC) chromatogram available from data acquired at this scan file generation rate is shown to be comparable to the profile obtained from a flame ionization detector in representing the chromatography performed under identical experimental parameters.

Comparative Physiological Evidence that beta-Alanine Betaine and Choline-O-Sulfate Act as Compatible Osmolytes in Halophytic Limonium Species.

The quaternary ammonium compounds accumulated in saline conditions by five salt-tolerant species of Limonium (Plumbaginaceae) were analyzed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Three species accumulated beta-alanine betaine and choline-O-sulfate; the others accumulated glycine betaine and choline-O-sulfate. Three lines of evidence indicated that beta-alanine betaine and choline-O-sulfate replace glycine betaine as osmo-regulatory solutes.

Interactive and multi-sensory analysis of complex mixtures by an automated gas chromatography system.

Methods are presented for increased human-computer interactions in the analysis of metabolic profiles of urinary organic acids. Complex mixtures of trimethylsilylated derivatives are separated by capillary gas-liquid chromatography on a 25-m bonded-phase, fused-silica column. Retention times and areas, determined by a printing integrator, are transferred to a personal computer along with the digitized output of the flame-ionization detector.

Metabolic profiles of urinary organic acids recovered from absorbent filter paper.

We evaluated for reliability and reproducibility a semiquantitative gas-chromatographic assay of organic acids in samples of normal urine recovered from absorbent filter paper. We also evaluated this method for use in diagnosis of some of the more common organic acidurias. Transfer of urine from diapers to absorbent filter paper eases the usual trauma of specimen collection from young children; it also simplifies sample storage and shipment.

Mayo seminars in psychiatry: the psychological aftermath of disaster.

The physical and psychological trauma of mass disasters is not limited to the time of the acute event. Research provides evidence of long-term deterioration in health patterns and development of specific syndromes after such disasters. This research is reviewed, along with psychodynamic theories about stress reactions.

Juvenile nephronophthisis and medullary cystic disease.

Juvenile nephronophthisis and medullary cystic disease are morphologically indistinguishable hereditary renal disorders. These diseases have been described independently but very likely are a single disease entity and occur as a juvenile-onset, autosomal recessive form and as an adult-onset, autosomal dominant form. We agree with this hypothesis and present here the clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings of six cases of the juvenile-onset, autosomal recessive form, along with an analysis of the mode of transmission of these and other published cases of the disorder.