Pre and post diagnostic dementia care in four Scottish prisons.

Background And Purpose: The number of older people in prisons is increasing across the globe. Many have poor physical and mental health, higher prevalence of head injury, cognitive impairment and dementia than found in community populations. Meeting the complex needs of this vulnerable group has become an increasing concern for prison and prison healthcare services.

Rural-urban differences in dental opioid prescribing among adolescent/young adult and adult Medicaid beneficiaries.

Introduction: There are ongoing concerns about opioid prescribing for surgical and non-surgical dental needs among adolescent/young adult and adult patients. Although there are known differences in the overall opioid prescription rates in rural areas compared to urban areas, the contribution of dental opioid prescriptions is still unclear. This study aims to examine the factors associated with receiving an opioid prescription following a dental visit.

Micropinch formation dynamics in X pinches.

High temporal resolution x-ray streak camera studies of micropinch formation in Cu hybrid x pinches reveal key plasma conditions. Analysis of Ne-like Cu lines indicate an average electron temperature of about 200 eV and 4.5×10^{28}m^{-3} electron density.

Trends of Pediatric Dental Rehabilitation Using General Anesthesia by Service Location During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency, 2019 to 2021.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the trends of pediatric dental rehabilitation in hospital outpatient departments (HOPDs) and ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) during the COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE) from 2019 to 2021 across states and demographic groups. This cross-sectional study utilized the 2019 to 2021 Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System Analytical Files to examine trends in dental rehabilitation for children ages 12 years and younger enrolled in Medicaid or the Children's Health Insurance Program. The final analytic sample included 20,508,093 beneficiaries from 2019, 19,436,957 beneficiaries from 2020, and 20,416,440 beneficiaries from 2021.

TRPM2 and CaMKII Signaling Drives Excessive GABAergic Synaptic Inhibition Following Ischemia.

Excitotoxicity and the concurrent loss of inhibition are well-defined mechanisms driving acute elevation in excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance and neuronal cell death following an ischemic insult to the brain. Despite the high prevalence of long-term disability in survivors of global cerebral ischemia (GCI) as a consequence of cardiac arrest, it remains unclear whether E/I imbalance persists beyond the acute phase and negatively affects functional recovery. We previously demonstrated sustained impairment of long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal CA1 neurons correlating with deficits in learning and memory tasks in a murine model of cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR).

Astrocytes in the adult dentate gyrus-balance between adult and developmental tasks.

Astrocytes, a major glial cell type in the brain, are indispensable for the integration, maintenance and survival of neurons during development and adulthood. Both life phases make specific demands on the molecular and physiological properties of astrocytes, and most research projects traditionally focus on either developmental or adult astrocyte functions. In most brain regions, the generation of brain cells and the establishment of neural circuits ends with postnatal development.

Distinct forebrain regions define a dichotomous astrocytic profile in multiple system atrophy.

The growing recognition of a dichotomous role of astrocytes in neurodegenerative processes has heightened the need for unraveling distinct astrocytic subtypes in neurological disorders. In multiple system atrophy (MSA), a rare, rapidly progressing atypical Parkinsonian disease characterized by increased astrocyte reactivity. However the specific contribution of astrocyte subtypes to neuropathology remains elusive.

Evaluating the impact of minimum unit pricing for alcohol in Scotland: a theory-based synthesis of the evidence.

Background: In May 2018, the Scottish Government set a minimum unit price (MUP) of £0·50 per unit of alcohol sold in Scotland to reduce alcohol-related health harms. We synthesised evidence to establish the effects of MUP on alcohol-related health and social harms, at population level and within specific societal groups.

Methods: We did a theory-based synthesis of academic and grey research evidence about impacts of MUP in Scotland, including compliance, price, consumption, health outcomes, social outcomes, public attitudes, and the alcoholic drinks industry.

Consumption of foods with the highest nutritional quality, and the lowest greenhouse gas emissions and price, differs between socio-economic groups in the UK population.

Objective: To establish a baseline understanding of whether consuming food with the highest nutritional quality, lowest greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and cost differs between different UK demographic and socio-economic population groups.

Design: Multiple linear regression models were fitted to evaluate the relationship between predictor socio-demographic variables in this study (i.e.

Airborne Pollution: A Potential Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis in Colder Climates.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology, which affects approximately 450 of every 100 000 women in the USA. Using an ecological observational study design and publicly available data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the USA, we assessed trends in county-level, age-adjusted female MS mortality rates between 1999 and 2006 to determine if they were correlated with environmental factors, including the county's PM2.5.

Dentate gyrus astrocytes exhibit layer-specific molecular, morphological and physiological features.

Neuronal heterogeneity has been established as a pillar of higher central nervous system function, but glial heterogeneity and its implications for neural circuit function are poorly understood. Here we show that the adult mouse dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus is populated by molecularly distinct astrocyte subtypes that are associated with distinct DG layers. Astrocytes localized to different DG compartments also exhibit subtype-specific morphologies.

Food-Level Analysis to Identify Dietary Choices With the Highest Nutritional Quality and Lowest Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Price.

Introduction: Food systems are challenged to provide healthy, sustainable and affordable foods. From a consumer perspective, identifying healthy, sustainable and affordable choices based on individual food products rather than diets could promote better shopping choices.

Objective: To identify foods and drinks with the highest nutritional quality and lowest greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and price.

Nutritional Quality, Environmental Impact and Cost of Ultra-Processed Foods: A UK Food-Based Analysis.

Food-based analyses of the healthiness, environmental sustainability and affordability of processed and ultra-processed foods are lacking. This paper aimed to determine how ultra-processed and processed foods compare to fresh and minimally processed foods in relation to nutritional quality, greenhouse gas emissions and cost on the food and food group level. Data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey nutrient databank year 11 (2018/2019) were used for this analysis.

CaMKIIα knockout protects from ischemic neuronal cell death after resuscitation from cardiac arrest.

CaMKIIα plays a dual role in synaptic plasticity, as it can mediate synaptic changes in opposing directions. We hypothesized that CaMKIIα plays a similar dual role also in neuronal cell death and survival. Indeed, the CaMKII inhibitor tatCN21 is neuroprotective when added during or after excitotoxic/ischemic insults, but was described to cause sensitization when applied long-term prior to such insult.

Functional Restoration following Global Cerebral Ischemia in Juvenile Mice following Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential M2 (TRPM2) Ion Channels.

Hippocampal cell death and cognitive dysfunction are common following global cerebral ischemia across all ages, including children. Most research has focused on preventing neuronal death. Restoration of neuronal function after cell death is an alternative approach (neurorestoration).

Advancing oral health policy through persuasive messaging and effective research measures.

Oral health is often excluded from broad health policy discussions, addressed only in a policy silo. There is a paucity of research to guide policymaking as it relates to oral health. In response, AcademyHealth's Oral Health Interest Group organized a meeting during the 2019 AcademyHealth Annual Research Meeting to promote transdisciplinary dialog on the current state of oral health policy and the steps necessary to improve the oral health of Americans.

Grade C molar-incisor pattern periodontitis subgingival microbial profile before and after treatment.

This study evaluated the influence of periodontal therapy on the microbiological profile of individuals with Grade C Molar-Incisor Pattern Periodontitis (C/MIP). Fifty-three African-American participants between the ages of 5-25, diagnosed with C/MIP were included. Patients underwent full mouth mechanical debridement with systemic antibiotics (metronidazole 250 mg + amoxicillin 500 mg, tid, 7 days).

Correction to: Prioritising the development of severity distributions in burden of disease studies for countries in the European region.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13690-019-0385-6.].

Antibiotic and opioid prescribing for dental-related conditions in emergency departments: United States, 2012 through 2014.

Background: Patients visiting the emergency department (ED) for nontraumatic dental conditions usually receive nondefinitive health care and are referred to treatment elsewhere. This may lead to potentially avoidable antibiotic and opioid use.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in IBM MarketScan Research Databases in Treatment Pathways from 2012 through 2014.

Prioritising the development of severity distributions in burden of disease studies for countries in the European region.

Severity distributions are a means of summarising the range of health loss suffered to disease which enables estimates of disease occurrence to be paired with disability weights to estimate Years Lost to Disability (YLD) in burden of disease studies. There is a lack of current data exploring severity distributions, which has led to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study relying on using the same severity distributions across countries and regions across the world. This is also largely true for some national studies, although there are exceptions.