EPM2AIP1 immunohistochemistry is inadequate as a surrogate marker for MLH1 promoter hypermethylation testing in colorectal cancer.

MLH1 promoter hypermethylation (MPH) analysis is an essential step in the universal tumor testing algorithm for Lynch syndrome, the most common inherited predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC). MPH usually indicates sporadic CRC. EPM2AIP1 gene shares the same promoter as MLH1, therefore MPH should also silence EPM2AIP1 transcription leading to loss of protein expression on immunohistochemistry (IHC).

SMARCB1-Deficient Skull Base Chondrosarcoma with 12p Duplication Presenting as Somatic-Type Malignancy Arising from Metastatic Seminoma.

Somatic-type malignancy (STM) can occur infrequently within a primary or metastatic testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) and is associated with dismal prognosis and survival. STM with chondrosarcomatous features is exceedingly rare and head and neck involvement has not been previously documented. A 39-year-old white man presented with nasal obstruction and epistaxis.

Histologic manifestations of ocrelizumab-associated intestinal and hepatic injury in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Aims: Ocrelizumab is a humanized anti-CD20-monoclonal antibody that has recently been approved for the treatment of certain types of multiple sclerosis. Isolated case reports of ocrelizumab-associated colitis have been reported in the literature. We present a case series of ocrelizumab-associated intestinal injury with a focus on histopathologic features and report a case of ocrelizumab-associated hepatitis.

New Therapies in Melanoma: Current Trends, Evolving Paradigms, and Future Perspectives.

Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with increasing incidence and mortality worldwide. For many years the therapeutic strategies were limited to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Recent advances in immunology and cancer biology have led to the discovery and development of novel therapeutics, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted therapies, which have revolutionized the clinical care of patients with metastatic melanoma.

Comparison of four different displays for identification of select pathologic features extracted from whole slide images of surgical pathology cases.

Background: The establishment of minimum standards for display selection for the whole slide image (WSI) interpretation has not been fully defined. Recently, pathologists have increasingly preferred using remote displays for clinical diagnostics. Our study aims to assess and compare the performance of three fixed work displays and one remote personal display in accurately identifying ten selected pathologic features integrated into WSIs.

Fine needle aspiration cytopathology of pleomorphic dermal sarcoma.

Introduction: Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) is an uncommon cutaneous mesenchymal neoplasm. It is cytomorphologically identical to atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX), but differs due to its invasion beyond the dermis. We undertook an examination of our experience with fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy cytology of PDS.

Artificial Intelligence-Aided Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis on Histologic Slides in a Digital Workflow.

Identifying lymph node (LN) metastasis in invasive breast carcinoma can be tedious and time-consuming. We investigated an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm to detect LN metastasis by screening hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides in a clinical digital workflow. The study included 2 sentinel LN (SLN) cohorts (a validation cohort with 234 SLNs and a consensus cohort with 102 SLNs) and 1 nonsentinel LN cohort (258 LNs enriched with lobular carcinoma and postneoadjuvant therapy cases).

The Diagnostic Conundrum of Glomerular Crescents With IgA Deposits.

Introduction: Glomerulonephritis (GN) with crescents and IgA deposits in kidney biopsy poses a frequent diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma because of multiple possibilities.

Methods: Native kidney biopsies showing glomerular IgA deposition and crescents (excluding lupus nephritis) were identified from our biopsy archives between 2010 and 2021. Detailed clinicopathologic features were assessed.

HER2 Gene Protein Assay: A Robust Tool for Evaluating HER2 Status and Intratumoral Heterogeneity in Endometrial Cancers.

Objectives: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status in endometrial cancer is usually determined by immunohistochemistry and/or in situ hybridization. We employed a novel HER2 gene protein assay (GPA) to simultaneously assesses HER2 gene amplification and protein expression in high-grade endometrial cancers.

Methods: We performed GPA in 180 endometrial cancers, including 106 serous carcinomas, 34 carcinosarcomas, and 40 mixed epithelial carcinomas.

Haemoglobin spherulosis: Fine needle aspiration biopsy of an unusual ocular lesion.

Objective: Haemoglobin spherulosis (HS) is a rare lesion occurring post-vitreous haemorrhage that is absent from the cytopathology literature.

Methods: We present the fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy cytological features of a case of HS occurring in a 73-year-old woman.

Results: FNA smears of hemorrhagic vitreous fluid showed numerous variably sized smooth glassy spherules ranging from 3-20 μm.

SS18-SSX Expression in a Contemporary Cohort of Primary Renal Synovial Sarcoma: A Multi-Institutional Experience of Fourteen Patients.

Primary renal synovial sarcoma is a rare aggressive mesenchymal neoplasm of the kidney that accounts for less than 1% of renal sarcomas. Herein, we describe the clinicopathologic and molecular findings of 14 renal synovial sarcoma patients in one of the largest case series to date and to our knowledge, the only renal synovial sarcoma series to use novel SS18-SSX IHC. Clinicopathologic, IHC, molecular, management, and follow-up data were reviewed and analyzed.

Evaluating Mismatch Repair Status to Screen Clinical Advanced Breast Carcinomas for Immunotherapy: Experience From a Large Academic Institution.

Background: Very few studies have investigated mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in breast carcinoma (BC) in clinical setting. Given the recent approval of Pembrolizumab for solid tumors with MMR deficiency, we screened clinically advanced breast carcinoma patients for immunotherapy by examining their MMR status.

Patients And Methods: The cohort consisted of 163 clinical advanced BCs, including 5 primary, 14 locally recurrent, and 144 metastatic BCs.

Autopsy Techniques in Patients With History of Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation.

Context.—: Esophageal fistula formation is one of the most feared complications of radiofrequency catheter ablation. This procedure and its many variations, such as the "maze," are becoming the mainstream treatment for atrial fibrillation owing to limitations of antiarrhythmic drugs.

A Novel Analytical Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Remogliflozin and Metformin Hydrochloride by UPLC/PDA in Bulk and Formulation Application to the Estimation of Product Traces.

Objectives: A selective and novel method has been optimized for the evaluation of remogliflozin and metformin hydrochloride in bulk and in the formulation and cleaning of samples by UPLC-PDA in bulk and formulation and product traces.

Materials And Methods: The principle analytes were eluted with phosphate buffer (pH: 4.5): acetonitrile (60:40%, v/v) as the mobile phase using the Spherisorb C18, 5 μm, 4.

p16 Expression Correlates with Invasive Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasms in HIV-Infected Mozambicans.

Background: p16 immunohistochemistry is widely used to diagnose human papillomavirus (HPV)-related squamous neoplasms of cervix, anogenital, head, and neck tissues. The incidence of these HPV-related squamous neoplasms is markedly increased in the HIV-infected population. Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is also more common in HIV-infected patients.

Quantification of tolvaptan in rabbit plasma by LC-MS/MS: Application to a pharmacokinetic study.

A sensitive, selective and high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantitation of tolvaptan in rabbit plasma. Sample clean-up involved liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and chromatography was performed on Zorbax SB C analytical column (50 mm×2.1 mm, 3.

A validated LC-MS/MS method for the determination of tolterodine and its metabolite in rat plasma and application to pharmacokinetic study.

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was used for simultaneous quantification of tolterodine and its metabolite 5-hydroxy methyl tolterodine in rat plasma. Tolterodine-d6 and 5-hydroxy methyl tolterodine-d14 were used as internal standards (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed on Ascentis Express RP amide (50 mm×4.

Bioanalytical method development and validation of milnacipran in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS detection and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.

A simple, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantification of milnacipran (MC) in rat plasma by using the liquid-liquid extraction method. Milnacipran-d10 (MCD10) was used as an internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was achieved on Zorbax SB-CN (4.

Method development and validation of Guanfacine in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Application to a pharmacokinetic study.

A selective, sensitive and high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the quantitation of Guanfacine in rat plasma. Sample clean-up involved liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and 100 μL of rat plasma was used. YMC BASIC column (50 mm×2.

Bio-analytical method development and validation of Rasagiline by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry detection and its application to pharmacokinetic study.

The most suitable bio-analytical method based on liquid-liquid extraction has been developed and validated for quantification of Rasagiline in human plasma. Rasagiline-C mesylate was used as an internal standard for Rasagiline. Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.

Method development and validation of almotriptan in human plasma by HPLC tandem mass spectrometry: application to pharmacokinetic study.

A simple, sensitive and selective method has been developed for quantification of Almotriptan (AL) in human plasma using Almotriptan-d(6) (ALD6) as an internal standard. Almotriptan and Almotriptan-d(6) were detected with proton adducts at m/z 336.1→201.

Quantification of sibutramine and its two metabolites in human plasma by LC-ESI-MS/MS and its application in a bioequivalence study.

Obesity can be considered as a chronic illness of epidemic proportion and its incidents have increased exponentially in recent years. The use of anti-obesity drugs such as sibutramine is somewhat helpful. There is a need to quantify such drugs in biological samples, which is generally quite difficult.

Quantification of desloratadine in human plasma by LC-ESI-MS/MS and application to a pharmacokinetic study.

A simple, sensitive, and specific liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantification of desloratadine (DL) in human plasma using desloratadine-d5 (DLD5) as an internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed using an Xbridge C18 column (50 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with an isocratic mobile phase composed of 10 mM ammonium formate: methanol (20:80, v/v), at a flow rate of 0.