The Effects of Ramp Gradients and Pushing-Pulling Techniques on Lumbar Spinal Load in Healthy Workers.

Background: Many tasks in industrial and health care setting are involved with pushing and pulling tasks up or down on a ramp. An efficient method of moving cart which reduces the risk of low back pain should be concerned. This study aimed to investigate the effects of handling types (HTs) and slope on lumbar spinal load during moving a cart on a ramp.