Carriage and within-host diversity of harbouring from pregnant mothers: inter- and intra-mother transmission dynamics of .

Exchange of antimicrobial resistance genes via mobile genetic elements occur in the gut which can be transferred from mother to neonate during birth. This study is the first to analyse transmissible colistin resistance gene, , in pregnant mothers and neonates. Samples were collected from pregnant mothers (rectal) and septicaemic neonates (rectal and blood) and analysed for the presence of , its transmissibility, genome diversity, and exchange of between isolates within an individual and across different individuals (not necessarily mother-baby pairs).

Antibiotic resistance genes in the gut microbiota of mothers and linked neonates with or without sepsis from low- and middle-income countries.

Early development of the microbiome has been shown to affect general health and physical development of the infant and, although some studies have been undertaken in high-income countries, there are few studies from low- and middle-income countries. As part of the BARNARDS study, we examined the rectal microbiota of 2,931 neonates (term used up to 60 d) with clinical signs of sepsis and of 15,217 mothers screening for bla, bla, bla and bla-like genes, which were detected in 56.1%, 18.

HMGA2 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to promote lung cancer progression.

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent histological cancer subtype worldwide. As the majority of patients present with invasive, metastatic disease, it is vital to understand the basis for lung cancer progression. Hmga2 is highly expressed in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, in which it contributes to cancer progression and metastasis.

Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission of HIV (PPTCT): An Effort of 4 Years in a Tertiary Centre.

Objective: The aim of this study was to see the fetomaternal outcome of pregnancy in HIV positive mother.

Methods: This study was conducted in the department of OBGYN Medical College Kolkata from 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2007, a period of 4 years since the establishment of PPTCT centre in our institution. All the pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic for consultation and those coming directly to labour room for delivery (unbooked cases) were counseled for HIV testing, informed consent was obtained and blood samples collected for HIV testing.

Effects of carbaryl, chlorpyrifos and endosulfan on growth, reproduction and respiration of tropical epigeic earthworm, Perionyx excavatus (Perrier).

Effects of sub-lethal doses of carbaryl (1-Naphthyl-methylcarbamate), chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl-phosphorothioate) and endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-Hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide), respectively a carbamate, an organophosphate and an organochlorine insecticide on growth, reproduction and respiration of the tropical earthworm, Perionyx excavatus (Perrier) were investigated under laboratory conditions. The results showed significant reduction in biomass, production and hatching of cocoon and production of juveniles of the worms exposed to 0.75 to 3.

Effect of two herbicides on Xenylla welchi (Hexapoda:Collembola) under laboratory conditions.

Xenylla welchi was used to evaluate toxicity of two herbicide formulations, pretilachlor (50 EC) and pendimethalin (30 EC) under laboratory conditions. Twenty four hours LC₅₀ value of pretilachlor and pendimethalin formulations on Xenylla welchi were 72.7 and 190.

Susceptibility of epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida to agricultural application of six insecticides.

Ecotoxicological risks of agricultural application of six insecticides to soil organisms were evaluated by acute toxicity tests under laboratory condition following OECD guidelines using the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida as the test organism. The organochlorine insecticide endosulfan (LC(50) - 0.002 mg kg(-1)) and the carbamate insecticides aldicarb (LC(50) - 9.

Studies on relative toxicities of six insecticides on epigeic earthworm, Perionyx excavatus.

The 96 h LC(50) values of six insecticides were determined on a non-target epigeic earthworm Perionyx excavatus under laboratory conditions. Cypermethrin was found most toxic to P. excavatus (LC(50)-0.

P300 event related potential in normal healthy controls of different age groups.

P300 event related potential was recorded in 115 healthy controls with a mean age of35.9±14.81 years and a male : female ratio of 72 : 43.

Langerhan cell granulomatosis with unusual FNAC findings.

An interesting case of a multifocal Langerhans cell granulomatosis in an 18-mo-old female child is described. The diagnosis was confirmed by fine-needle aspiration cytology. The unusual findings at the initial stage of the disease and its possible etiopathogenesis are discussed.

Biomonitoring of anticholinesterase pesticides in the soil: usefulness of soil Collembola.

The impact of Methyl parathion and Carbaryl was evaluated on an ecologically important soil Collembola, Cyphoderus sp. Enzyme characteristics demonstrate substrate optimum at 1 10(-2) mol/L temperature optimum at 30 degrees C with a pH requirement of 8.0.

Impact of insecticides on nontarget microarthropod fauna in agricultural soil.

Ecologically important soil microarthropods were used to evaluate the direct and residual toxicities of some insecticides under field and laboratory conditions. The density of total microarthropods and major groups, namely Acarina and Collembola, suffered a statistically significant and persistent decline in the aldrin 30 EC (0.25%)- and endosulfan 35 EC (0.

Detection and localization of alkaline and acid phosphatases in the digestive system of the adult Catla catla (Hamilton), an Indian freshwater major carp by histochemical methods.

The localization and distribution of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) and acid phosphatase (ACPase) in the various regions of the alimentary canal viz., buccopharynx, oesophagus, intestine, rectum and hepatopancreas of adult Catla catla have been studied by employing various histochemical techniques. ALPase activity was recorded in the various regions of the alimentary canal in the present study although its intensity of localization and distribution varies greatly.

Characterization and distribution of neutral and acidic mucins in the alimentary canal of an Indian freshwater major carp, Catla catla (Hamilton) by histochemical methods.

The distribution and chemical nature of acid and neutral mucins in the various regions of the alimentary canal of Catla catla (Ham.) have been studied. Both acid (sulfated and non-sulfated) and neutral mucins have been found to occur as a mosaic of complex substances in the different mucous cell types (secretory and non-secretory--both mature and immature) in the various regions of the alimentary canal (buccopharynx, oesophagus, intestine, and rectum).