Highly multiplexed imaging reveals prognostic immune and stromal spatial biomarkers in breast cancer.

Spatial profiling of tissues promises to elucidate tumor-microenvironment interactions and generate prognostic and predictive biomarkers. We analyzed single-cell, spatial data from three multiplex imaging technologies: cyclic immunofluorescence (CycIF) data we generated from 102 breast cancer patients with clinical follow-up, and publicly available imaging mass cytometry and multiplex ion-beam imaging datasets. Similar single-cell phenotyping results across imaging platforms enabled combined analysis of epithelial phenotypes to delineate prognostic subtypes among estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) patients.

Secure data communication in WSHN using EXP-MD5 and DHSK-ECC.

Background: In the Healthcare (HC) sector, the usage of Wireless Sensor Healthcare Networks (WSHN) is attaining specific importance. The sensor device is implanted into the patient's body, and the sensed health information of patients is transformed via data aggregating devices like mobile devices, cameras, and so on, to the doctors. Thus, the early signs of diseases are identified, and remote monitoring of the patient's health is carried out by the physician on time.

Advancing healthcare: the role and impact of AI and foundation models.

Background: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the healthcare domain is a monumental shift with profound implications for diagnostics, medical interventions, and the overall structure of healthcare systems.

Purpose: This study explores the transformative journey of foundation AI models in healthcare, shedding light on the challenges, ethical considerations, and vast potential they hold for improving patient outcome and system efficiency. Notably, in this investigation we observe a relatively slow adoption of AI within the public sector of healthcare.

The push-pull intercrop does not repel, but intercepts and kills pests.

Over two decades ago, an intercropping strategy was developed that received critical acclaim for synergizing food security with ecosystem resilience in smallholder farming. The push-pull strategy reportedly suppresses lepidopteran pests in maize through a combination of a repellent intercrop (push), commonly spp., and an attractive, border crop (pull).

Ratio of stemness to interferon signalling as a biomarker and therapeutic target of myeloproliferative neoplasm progression to acute myeloid leukaemia.

Progression to aggressive secondary acute myeloid leukaemia (sAML) poses a significant challenge in the management of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Since the physiopathology of MPN is closely linked to the activation of interferon (IFN) signalling and that AML initiation and aggressiveness is driven by leukaemia stem cells (LSCs), we investigated these pathways in MPN to sAML progression. We found that high IFN signalling correlated with low LSC signalling in MPN and AML samples, while MPN progression and AML transformation were characterized by decreased IFN signalling and increased LSC signature.

The chromatin and single-cell transcriptional landscapes of CD4 T cells in inflammatory bowel disease link risk loci with a proinflammatory Th17 cell population.

Introduction: The imbalance between Th17 and regulatory T cells in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) promotes intestinal epithelial cell damage. In this scenario, T helper cell lineage commitment is accompanied by dynamic changes to the chromatin that facilitate or repress gene expression.

Methods: Here, we characterized the chromatin landscape and heterogeneity of intestinal and peripheral CD4 T cellsfrom IBD patients using in house ATAC-Seq and single cell RNA-Seq libraries.

Feasibility and Tolerability of Adjuvant Capecitabine-Based Chemoradiation in Patients With Breast Cancer and Residual Disease After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Prospective Clinical Trial.

Purpose: Addition of adjuvant capecitabine improves overall survival for patients with breast cancer lacking pathologic complete response to standard-of-care neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Combining radiosensitizing capecitabine concurrent with radiation may further improve disease control, although the feasibility and tolerability of chemoradiation in this setting is unknown. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of this combination.

Hybrid Ameloblastoma Arising from a Treated Odontogenic Keratocyst of the Mandible: A Case Report With Literature Review.

Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) is an odontogenic cyst of developmental origin arising from remnants of the dental lamina. Malignant or benign transformations though rare have been noticed from their epithelium. Ameloblastomatous transformation from an OKC is extremely rare with such lesions being referred to as combined/"hybrid" odontogenic lesions.

Cerebrospinal fluid methylome-based liquid biopsies for accurate malignant brain neoplasm classification.

Background: Resolving the differential diagnosis between brain metastases (BM), glioblastomas (GBM), and central nervous system lymphomas (CNSL) is an important dilemma for the clinical management of the main three intra-axial brain tumor types. Currently, treatment decisions require invasive diagnostic surgical biopsies that carry risks and morbidity. This study aimed to utilize methylomes from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a biofluid proximal to brain tumors, for reliable non-invasive classification that addresses limitations associated with low target abundance in existing approaches.

X-ray structure, hirshfeld surfaces and interaction energy studies of 2,2-diphenyl-1-oxa-3-oxonia-2-boratanaphthalene.

Single crystal XRD structure of the title compound reveals that the molecule adopt non-planar structure. The molecule is puckered with the total puckering amplitude of (Q) = 0.368(3)Å.

Variation in Treatment Patterns of Patients with Early-Onset Gastric Cancer.

Background: Early-onset gastric cancer (EOGC), or gastric cancer in patients younger than 45 years old, is poorly understood and relatively uncommon. Similar to other gastrointestinal malignancies, the incidence of EOGC is rising in Western countries. It is unclear which populations experience a disproportionate burden of EOGC and what factors influence how patients with EOGC are treated.

ECOG-ACRIN Guideline for Contouring and Treatment of Early Stage Anal Cancer Using IMRT/IGRT.

Purpose: Previous anal cancer guidelines delineate target volumes similarly for all patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal and/or perianal skin (SCCA), regardless of disease stage. The purpose of this guideline is to provide customized radiation treatment recommendations for early stage (T1-2 N0 M0) anal cancer treated with intensity modulated and image guided radiation therapy (RT).

Methods And Materials: A contouring atlas and radiation treatment recommendations for the ongoing, randomized phase II trial of deintensified chemoradiation for early stage SCCA (EA2182) was created by an expert panel of radiation oncologists.

H3K9 methylation drives resistance to androgen receptor-antagonist therapy in prostate cancer.

Antiandrogen strategies remain the prostate cancer treatment backbone, but drug resistance develops. We show that androgen blockade in prostate cancer leads to derepression of retroelements (REs) followed by a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-stimulated interferon response that blocks tumor growth. A forward genetic approach identified H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) as an essential epigenetic adaptation to antiandrogens, which enabled transcriptional silencing of REs that otherwise stimulate interferon signaling and glucocorticoid receptor expression.

DNA methylation-based prognostic subtypes of chordoma tumors in tissue and plasma.

Background: Chordomas are rare malignant bone cancers of the skull-base and spine. Patient survival is variable and not reliably predicted using clinical factors or molecular features. This study identifies prognostic epigenetic chordoma subtypes that are detected noninvasively using plasma methylomes.

Engineered RNA biosensors enable ultrasensitive SARS-CoV-2 detection in a simple color and luminescence assay.

The continued resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic with multiple variants underlines the need for diagnostics that are adaptable to the virus. We have developed toehold RNA-based sensors across the SARS-CoV-2 genome for direct and ultrasensitive detection of the virus and its prominent variants. Here, isothermal amplification of a fragment of SARS-CoV-2 RNA coupled with activation of our biosensors leads to a conformational switch in the sensor.

Initial analysis of the dosimetric benefit and clinical resource cost of CBCT-based online adaptive radiotherapy for patients with cancers of the cervix or rectum.

Purpose: This provides a benchmark of dosimetric benefit and clinical cost of cone-beam CT-based online adaptive radiotherapy (ART) technology for cervical and rectal cancer patients.

Methods: An emulator of a CBCT-based online ART system was used to simulate more than 300 treatments for 13 cervical and 15 rectal cancer patients. CBCT images were used to generate adaptive replans.

Discovery of a body-wide photosensory array that matures in an adult-like animal and mediates eye-brain-independent movement and arousal.

The ability to respond to light has profoundly shaped life. Animals with eyes overwhelmingly rely on their visual circuits for mediating light-induced coordinated movements. Building on previously reported behaviors, we report the discovery of an organized, eye-independent (extraocular), body-wide photosensory framework that allows even a head-removed animal to move like an intact animal.

Safety considerations with new treatment regimens for anal cancer.

: Anal cancer is a rare malignancy, but incidence rates are rising. Primary chemoradiation is the standard of care for early disease with surgery reserved for salvage. Despite success in terms of survival, patients suffer significant morbidity.

DNA hypomethylating agents increase activation and cytolytic activity of CD8 T cells.

We demonstrate that DNA hypomethylating agent (HMA) treatment can directly modulate the anti-tumor response and effector function of CD8 T cells. In vivo HMA treatment promotes CD8 T cell tumor infiltration and suppresses tumor growth via CD8 T cell-dependent activity. Ex vivo, HMAs enhance primary human CD8 T cell activation markers, effector cytokine production, and anti-tumor cytolytic activity.

Mild COVID-19 infection-predicting symptomatic phase and outcome: A study from AIIMS, New Delhi.

Context: Comprehensive management of mild COVID infection calls for better understanding of symptomatology in these group of patients as well as early identification and close monitoring of patients at risk, data on which is limited.

Aim: To study association between inflammatory markers and clinical presentation with progression of disease and the duration of resolution of symptoms.

Settings And Design: This is a retrospective study that has been conducted at a designated COVID -19 medical ward at AIIMS, New Delhi.

Epigenetic therapy induces transcription of inverted SINEs and ADAR1 dependency.

Cancer therapies that target epigenetic repressors can mediate their effects by activating retroelements within the human genome. Retroelement transcripts can form double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that activates the MDA5 pattern recognition receptor. This state of viral mimicry leads to loss of cancer cell fitness and stimulates innate and adaptive immune responses.