Coinhibitory Effects of Resveratrol- and Protopanaxadiol-Enriched Rice Seed Extracts Against Melanogenic Activities in Melan-a Cells.

In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the combined antimelanogenic effects of resveratrol- and protopanaxadiol (PPD)-enriched rice seed extracts (DJ526 and DJ-PPD) in melan-a cells. The treatment antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the ABTS radical scavenging method. TR_3 (70% [wight ()/] of DJ526 and 30% [/] of DJ-PPD) markedly increased the antioxidant activity at a level similar to that of DJ526 and DJ-PPD alone.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Combined Treatment of Resveratrol- and Protopanaxadiol-Enriched Rice Seed Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells.

The overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines triggers a variety of diseases. Protopanaxadiol (PPD) and resveratrol are naturally found in plants such as ginseng and have potential anti-inflammatory properties, and resveratrol- and PPD-enriched rice seeds have been previously successfully generated. Herein, the synergistic anti-inflammatory activities of extracts of these enriched seeds were assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.

Resveratrol-Enriched Rice Callus Extract Inhibits Oxidative and Cellular Melanogenic Activities in Melan-A Cells.

The excessive production of melanin can cause skin diseases and hyperpigmentation. In this study, resveratrol contained in Dongjin rice seed (DJ526) was increased through callus induction. The antioxidant capacity of resveratrol-enriched rice callus was evaluated using the ABTS radical scavenging method and was equivalent to that of vitamin C.

Germinated Rice Seeds Improved Resveratrol Production to Suppress Adipogenic and Inflammatory Molecules in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

Obesity is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases and contributes to chronic inflammation. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring antioxidant that can reduce adipogenesis. In this study, the antiadipogenic and anti-inflammatory activities of resveratrol-enriched rice were investigated in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells.

Inhibitory Effects of Polyphenol- and Flavonoid-Enriched Rice Seed Extract on Melanogenesis in Melan-a Cells via MAPK Signaling-Mediated MITF Downregulation.

Melanin production is an important process that prevents the host skin from harmful ultraviolet radiation; however, an overproduction of melanin results in skin diseases. In the present study, we determined the antioxidative and anti-melanogenic activities of polyphenol- and flavonoid-enriched rice seed extracts in melan-a cells. The polyphenol and flavonoid content of Hopum (HP) and Sebok (SB) rice seed extracts was measured.

Use of Germination to Enhance Resveratrol Content and Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells.

Inflammation is triggered by a variety of danger signals and is now a worldwide concern. Resveratrol, a natural nonflavonoid polyphenol found in naturally consumed plants and foods, has a wide spectrum of bioactive potency. We successfully generated resveratrol-enriched rice by introducing the resveratrol biosynthesis gene into Dongjin rice.

Korean Ginseng Berry Polysaccharide Enhances Immunomodulation Activities of Peritoneal Macrophages in Mice with Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression.

Korean ginseng ( C. A. Meyer), a member of the Araliaceae family, is known as a traditional medicinal plant to have a wide range of health properties.

Effect of Ginseng Sapogenin Protopanaxadiol-Enriched Rice (DJ-PPD) on Immunomodulation.

Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a gut microbiome-induced ginseng metabolite, has positive immune effects. We previously reported the immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory effects of PPD-enricshed rice seed extracts in normal and inflammatory cell environments, respectively. In the present study, the immunomodulatory activity of PPD-enriched transgenic rice seed extract (DJ-PPD), which exhibited the highest immune-related activity among all available extracts, was compared with that of commercially synthesized 20s-PPD (S-PPD) and natural ginseng root extract (GE), in RAW264.

Protopanaxadiol-Enriched Rice Extracts Suppressed Oxidative and Melanogenic Activities in Melan-a Cells.

Concerns about hyperpigmentation and skin appearance have led to increasing research into the prevention and altering of skin pigmentation. Natural compounds may be of interest in the search for skin-lightening actives. Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a gut microbiome-induced ginseng metabolite, has been reported to have anti-melanogenic effects.

In Vitro Immune-Enhancement and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fatty Acids Extracted from the Gonad on RAW264.7 Macrophages.

Fatty acids extracted from the gonad (HAGF) were shown to be primarily composed of the highest concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at 41% and 17% of total fatty acids, respectively. In the present study, HAGF were examined for their immunostimulant and anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophage cells.

Transgenic Rice Seed Extracts Exert Immunomodulatory Effects by Modulating Immune-Related Biomarkers in RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells.

Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a native active triterpenoid present in , has been reported to exert immune-related effects. We previously created PPD-producing transgenic rice by introducing the protopanaxadiol synthase and dammarenediol-II synthase genes into Dongjin rice. In the present study, the seeds of the T generation of this transgenic rice were tested for their immunomodulatory effects in RAW264.

Development of fermented rice cake containing strawberry showing anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated macrophages and paw edema induced mice.

Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) is one of the richest sources containing a wide variety of nutritive compounds. Anti-inflammatory activities of fermented rice cake made of strawberry powder as well as rice powder were evaluated. The fermented rice cake containing strawberry powder (SRC) significantly and dose-dependently inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.

Anti-inflammatory effects of neutral lipids, glycolipids, phospholipids from Halocynthia aurantium tunic by suppressing the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.

Halocynthia aurantium is a marine organism that has been considered a promising source for bio-functional materials. Total lipids were extracted from H. aurantium tunic, and then they were separated into neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids.

Immune-modulation effect of tunic lipid on RAW264.7 cells.

The current study evaluated the immune-regulatory potential of lipid extract from tunic on macrophage cells. The results showed that lipid is composed of primarily SFA (68.32%), followed by MUFA and PUFA (17.

Immune-Enhancing Effects of Crude Polysaccharides from Korean Ginseng Berries on Spleens of Mice with Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression.

C. A. Meyer is well known as traditional herbal medicine, and ginseng berries are known to exhibit potential immune-enhancing functions.

Anti-inflammatory activities of the mixture of strawberry and rice powder as materials of fermented rice cake on RAW264.7 macrophage cells and mouse models.

Rice cake is a traditional food in Korea, and is made by rice alone, or with other grain powder. To improve the health benefits of fermented rice cake, the rice powder was supplemented with strawberry powder. Anti-inflammatory activities of the mixture of strawberry and rice powder were evaluated.

Immunomodulatory Activities of Egg Lipid in RAW264.7 Cells.

, known as the Pacific sand lance, thrives in cold areas of the North Pacific. In this study, the total lipid was extracted from eggs and the fatty acid composition was determined using gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detection (FID). The results showed that the extracted lipid contained high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).

Immune-enhancing effects of anionic macromolecules extracted from Codium fragile coupled with arachidonic acid in RAW264.7 cells.

Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an integral constituent of the biological cell membrane, conferring it with fluidity and flexibility, which are necessary for the function of all cells, especially nervous system, skeletal muscle, and immune system. Codium species biosynthesize sulfated polysaccharides with very distinct structural features. Some of them have different biological activities with great potential in pharmaceutical applications.

Neutral Lipids, Glycolipids, and Phospholipids, Isolated from Sandfish () Eggs, Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Activity in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells through NF-κB and MAPKs Pathways.

Total lipids were extracted from sandfish (), and then they were separated into the following three lipid fractions: neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids. In this study, we analyzed the lipid fractions of eggs and we determined their anti-inflammatory activity in RAW264.7 macrophage cells.

Co-immunomodulatory Activities of Anionic Macromolecules Extracted from with Red Ginseng Extract on Peritoneal Macrophage of Immune-Suppressed Mice.

In this study we investigated the immune effects of oral administration of anionic macromolecules extracted from (CFAM) and red ginseng extract mixture on the peritoneal macrophage cells in immune-suppressed mice. Cyclophosphamide (CY) induces the immune-suppressed condition. CY-treated mice were orally fed with different concentrations of CFAM supplemented with red ginseng extract and the peritoneal macrophages collected.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lipids Extracted from Eggs on LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells.

is a cold-water marine fish. The present study investigated the fatty acid composition of egg lipids and their anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW246.7 macrophages.

Immune Enhancement Effects of Anionic Macromolecules Combined with Red Ginseng Extract in Immune-Suppressed Mice.

is an edible seaweed in Asian countries that has been used as a thrombolytic, anticoagulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulatory agent. Ginseng has also been known to maintain immune homeostasis and to regulate the immune system via enhancing resistance to diseases and microorganisms. In this study, anionic macromolecules extracted from (CFAM) were orally administered with red ginseng extract (100 mg/kg body weight) to cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed male BALB/c mice to investigate the immune-enhancing cooperative effect of and red ginseng.