The Anatomical Relationship Between the Cervical Nerve Roots, Intervertebral Discs and Bony Cervical Landmark for Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Foraminotomy and Discectomy: A Cadaveric Study.

Study Design: Cadaveric anatomical studies.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the anatomical relationship between bony landmark "V point", dural sac, nerve roots, and intervertebral disc for improving operative outcomes and decreasing post-operative complications in posterior endoscopic cervical foraminotomy or discectomy (PECF or PECD).

Methods: 10 soft adult cadavers were studied.

Survey research of patient's preference on choosing microscopic or endoscopic spine surgery for lumbar discectomy.

Background: There are several surgical methods of lumbar discectomy which provide the similar clinical outcomes. There is no clear evidence for how to select the procedures. To better understand the patient's opinion and decision process in the selection of surgical methods between microscopic lumbar discectomy (MLD) and endoscopic lumbar discectomy (ELD).

Predictive factors for respiratory failure and in-hospital mortality after surgery for spinal metastasis.

Purpose: Spinal metastasis surgeries carry substantial risk of complications. PRF is among complications that significantly increase mortality rate and length of hospital stay. The risk factor of PRF after spinal metastasis surgery has not been investigated.

Validation of Traditional Prognosis Scoring Systems and Skeletal Oncology Research Group Nomogram for Predicting Survival of Spinal Metastasis Patients Undergoing Surgery.

Background: Many scoring systems that predict overall patient survival are based on clinical parameters and primary tumor type. To date, no consensus exists regarding which scoring system has the greatest predictive survival accuracy, especially when applied to specific primary tumors. Additionally, such scores usually fail to include modern treatment modalities, which influence patient survival.

Effect of Multimodal Drugs Infiltration on Postoperative Pain in Split Laminectomy of Lumbar Spine: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Study Design: A randomized, double-blinded controlled trial.

Objective: This study tested the effect of single-dose wound infiltration with multiple drugs for pain management after lumbar spine surgery.

Summary Of Background Data: Patients undergoing spine surgery often experience severe pain especially in early postoperative period.

Malposition of Cage in Minimally Invasive Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Introduction: Minimally invasive oblique lumbar interbody fusion is one of the novel lateral lumbar interbody fusion techniques for which the successful early results have been reported. However, new complications were increasingly reported from ongoing studies.

Case Presentation: We report a case of an unusual complication of minimally invasive oblique lumbar interbody fusion associated with contralateral nerve root compression due to deep and posterior position of polyetheretherketone cage and discussion of the operating technique for repositioning polyetheretherketone cage.

Prevalence of High-Riding Vertebral Artery and Morphometry of C2 Pedicles Using a Novel Computed Tomography Reconstruction Technique.

Study Design: Cross-sectional, matched-pair comparative study.

Purpose: To determine whether a thin-sliced pedicular-oriented computed tomography (TPCT) scan reconstructed from an existing conventional computed tomography (CCT) scan is more accurate for identifying vertebral artery groove (VAG) anomalies than CCT.

Overview Of Literature: Posterior atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation and C2 pedicle screws can cause vertebral artery (VA) injury.

Anatomic Considerations of Intervertebral Disc Perspective in Lumbar Posterolateral Approach via Kambin's Triangle: Cadaveric Study.

Study Design: Anatomical study.

Purpose: To evaluate the anatomy of intervertebral disc (IVD) area in the triangular working zone of the lumbar spine based on cadaveric measurements.

Overview Of Literature: The posterolateral percutaneous approach to the lumbar spine has been widely used as a minimally invasive spinal surgery.

Outcomes of fluoroscopically guided lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections in degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis patients.

Study Design: A prospective cohort.

Purpose: To report the short and long term outcomes of fluoroscopically guided lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) in degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) patients.

Overview Of Literature: TFESI has been widely used for the treatment of lumbosacral radicular pains.

Morphometric evaluation of subaxial cervical spine using multi-detector computerized tomography (MD-CT) scan: the consideration for cervical pedicle screws fixation.

Background: Cervical pedicle screw (CPS) insertion is a technically demanding procedure. The quantitative understanding of cervical pedicle morphology, especially the narrowest part of cervical pedicle or isthmus, would minimize the risk of catastrophic damage to surrounding neurovascular structures and improve surgical outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate morphology and quantify cortical thickness of the cervical isthmus by using Multi-detector Computerized Tomography (MD-CT) scan.

Treatment of acute tuberculous spondylitis by the spinal shortening osteotomy: a technical notes and case illustrations.

Surgical treatment for spinal tuberculosis is necessary in particular cases that a large amount of necrotic tissue is encountered and there is spinal cord compression. A spinal shortening osteotomy procedure has previously been described for the correction of the sagittal balance in a late kyphotic deformity, but there have been no reports on this as a surgical treatment in the acute stage. Thus, the aim of this report is to present the surgical techniques and clinical results of 3 patients who were treated with this procedure.

Quantitative differences in intervertebral disc-matrix composition with age-related degeneration.

This study was carried out to determine the effect of age on the intervertebral disc, using a rabbit model. Anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissue from New Zealand white rabbits aged 3 years old (old rabbits) and 6 months old (young rabbits) were used. The water content, the proteoglycan, the DNA content, and the mRNA levels of aggrecan, type I collagen, and type II collagen were all measured for each sample.

A comparison of pedicle and lateral mass screw construct stiffnesses at the cervicothoracic junction: a biomechanical study.

Study Design: Biomechanical comparison of five different posterior cervicothoracic junction (C7-T1) fixation constructs in a cadaveric model.

Objectives: To determine whether augmenting C7 lateral mass screws with spinous process wires or additional fixation in the C6 lateral mass can create constructs of similar normalized stiffness to that of C7 pedicle screws.

Summary Of Background Data: Cervical pedicle screws are known to provide excellent fixation but are potentially dangerous and technically demanding to insert.

The role of the sternum, costosternal articulations, intervertebral disc, and facets in thoracic sagittal plane biomechanics: a comparison of three different sequences of surgical release.

Study Design: Eighteen human torsos were used in three experiments (A, B, and C) to determine the changes in sagittal motion due to three different sequences of three surgical releases.

Objectives: To investigate the relative effects of releasing the intervertebral disc, the costosternal joint, the sternum, and the facet joints on sagittal thoracic motion and the consequences of altering the sequence of the releases.

Summary Of Background Data: The biomechanics of the thoracic spine are different from the cervical and lumbar spine particularly due to the ribs and sternum, which contribute to stability and control motion.

Comparison of Healos/bone marrow to INFUSE(rhBMP-2/ACS) with a collagen-ceramic sponge bulking agent as graft substitutes for lumbar spine fusion.

Study Design: A rabbit lumbar intertransverse process arthrodesis model was used to evaluate the efficacy of two different bone substitute materials: 1) collagen-hydroxyapatite sponge (Healos bone void filler) combined with heparinized bone marrow; and 2) recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivered in a collagen sponge (INFUSE Bone Graft) wrapped around an additional collagen-ceramic sponge (Mastergraft Matrix) as a "bulking agent."

Objectives: To compare the relative efficacy of two different bone graft substitutes to achieve posterolateral lumbar spine fusion in rabbits.

Summary Of Background Data: Autogenous bone graft is considered the gold standard graft material for spine fusion.

The effects of doxorubicin (adriamycin) on spinal fusion: an experimental model of posterolateral lumbar spinal arthrodesis.

Background Context: Malignant spinal lesions may require surgical excision and segmental stabilization. The decision to perform a concomitant fusion procedure is influenced in part by the need for adjunctive chemotherapy as well as the patient's anticipated survival. Although some evidence exists that suggests that chemotherapy may inhibit bony healing, no information exists regarding the effect of chemotherapy on spinal fusion healing.

Results of radiotherapy in non round cell spinal metastasis.

Spinal metastases are commonly encountered by physicians in a variety of clinical fields. There are some controversies in choice of treatment between surgery and radiotherapy. This report is a study of the outcomes of radiotherapy for metastatic nonround cell tumors of the spine.