Generative Artificial Intelligence and Prompt Engineering: A Primer for Orthopaedic Surgeons.

» Generative artificial intelligence (AI), a rapidly evolving field, has the potential to revolutionize orthopedic care by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and patient management through data-driven insights and personalized strategies.» Unlike traditional AI, generative AI has the potential to generate relevant information for orthopaedic surgeons when instructed through prompts, automating tasks such as literature reviews, streamlining workflows, predicting health outcomes, and improving patient interactions.» Prompt engineering is essential for crafting effective prompts for large language models (LLMs), ensuring accurate and reliable AI-generated outputs, and promoting ethical decision-making in clinical settings.

The Responsiveness of Patient- Reported Outcome Tools in Shoulder Surgery Is Dependent on the Underlying Pathological Condition.

Background: Given the high number of available patient-reported outcome (PRO) tools for patients undergoing shoulder surgery, comparative information is necessary to determine the most relevant forms to incorporate into clinical practice.

Purpose: To determine the utilization and responsiveness of common PRO tools in studies involving patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair or operative management of glenohumeral instability.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Anatomic Femoral and Tibial Tunnel Placement During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Anteromedial Portal All-Inside and Outside-In Techniques.

Tunnel malposition is one of the most common technical reasons for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction failure. Small changes in tunnel placement can result in significant differences in outcome. More anatomic placement of the tunnels can lead to greater knee stability and a more accurate reproduction of native knee kinematics.

The Early Osteoarthritic Knee: Implications for Cartilage Repair.

Patients with early osteoarthritis (OA) have been reported to have inferior outcomes with an increased prevalence of early failure after cartilage procedures. The underlying reasons for this failure are likely multifactorial, including a chronic synovial and chondrogenic process, which is confounded by persistent muscle weakness and altered pain processing for those with increased preoperative symptom duration. Pain, radiographic changes, patient-reported outcomes, and macroscopic changes on arthroscopic evaluation or MRI can assist clinicians in identifying the early OA knee to both aid in clinical decision making and create realistic postoperative expectations for patients.

Allograft Augmentation of Hamstring Autograft for Younger Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: Younger patients and those with smaller hamstring autograft diameters have been shown to be at significantly greater risk of graft failure after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. To date, there is no information in the literature about the clinical success and/or cost-effectiveness of increasing graft diameter by augmenting with semitendinosus allograft tissue for younger patients.

Hypothesis: Hybrid hamstring grafts are a cost-effective treatment option because of a reduced rate of graft failure.

Single-Bundle Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Surgical Technique Pearls and Pitfalls.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures are some of the most common sports-related injuries. Treatment of these injuries with ACL reconstruction has evolved over the last several decades. Anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction offers an accurate and reproducible method to reproduce native knee anatomy, restore knee kinematics, and ultimately restore function and decrease long-term degenerative effects.

Current Rehabilitation Concepts for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery in Athletes.

The anterior cruciate ligament is the most commonly disrupted ligament in the knee in high-performance athletes. Most recently, advancements in surgical technique and graft fixation have enabled athletes to participate in early postoperative rehabilitation, focusing on range of motion and progressing to patellar mobilization, strengthening, and neuromuscular control. Several rehabilitation protocols exist with variations in specific exercises, progression through phases, and key components.

Current Arthroscopic Concepts in Repairing Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tibial-Sided Avulsions.

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries are extremely rare and most commonly occur in the trauma setting. They can lead to instability, pain, diminished function, and eventual arthrosis. Several techniques of arthroscopic PCL repair for tibial-sided bony avulsions have been described in the literature; however, no single technique has emerged as the gold standard to predictably restore posterior knee stability, PCL function, and knee biomechanics.