A Feasible, Low-Cost, Capsicum and Tomato Model for Endoscopic Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Training.

To describe and standardize an easily available, viable, low-cost capsicum and Tomato model for endoscopic sinus and Skull Base surgery training. Rhinology fellows performed the following stimulated endoscopic sinus exercises using the capsicum and tomato models at our centre using a Karl Storz angled Endoscope and Medtronic Debrider with various angled blades. Each student dissected 10 specimens before training these procedures on human patients, and the benefit of the capsicum and tomato models training was evaluated.

Assessment of the effects of sodium nitrate (NaNO) on the reproductive system, liver, pancreas, and kidney of male rats.

Nitrate (NO) toxicity is a serious global issue that results in impairment of physiological systems of our body. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentration of NaNO (10, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw) on the male reproductive system, liver, kidney and pancreas. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of five animals each ( = 5).

A Comparative Analysis of Fluoride-Contaminated Groundwater and Sodium Fluoride-Induced Reproductive Toxicity and Its Reversibility in Male Rats.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the toxic effect of sodium fluoride (NaF)- and fluoride (F)-contaminated groundwater on male reproduction and it's reversibility in male rats. Adult male rats were orally treated with different concentrations of NaF- (1 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg/kg/bw/rat) and F-contaminated groundwater for 52 days and after the confirmation of F-induced damage, the rats were allowed for recovery studies for 52 days. Exposure of NaF- and F-contaminated groundwater caused significant decline in total sperm count, sperm motility, serum concentration of testosterone, activities of testicular 3β-HSDH, counts of type A spermatogonia, preleptotene spermatocytes, midpachytene spermatocytes, elongated spermatids and round spermatids, activities of testicular and spermatozoa SOD and CAT, and increase in sperm abnormality and concentration of MDA of testis and spermatozoa compared to controls.

Sodium Fluoride and Fluoride Contaminated Ground Water Induced Altered Reproductive Performances in Male Rats.

Present study was undertaken to investigate the toxic effect of sodium fluoride (NaF)- and fluoride (F)-contaminated ground water on reproductive performances of male rats. Healthy adult male rats were categorised into three groups, first group of rats were served as control, whereas second group of rats were orally intubated with NaF (10 mg/kgbw/1 ml/rat) and third group of rats were allowed to drink F-contaminated ground water (5 mg/L) through drinking water bottles for 52 days. Exposure of NaF- and F-contaminated ground water caused significant decline in sperm motility, serum concentration of testosterone, and increase in sperm abnormality compared with controls.

Time-dependent effect of ground water fluoride on motility, abnormality and antioxidant status of spermatozoa: An in vitro study.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the toxic effect of ground water fluoride (F) on motility, abnormality, and antioxidant status of spermatozoa. Treatment of ground water F with epididymal sperm suspension caused complete loss of sperm motility and decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and abnormality of spermatozoa at 15 and 30 min time intervals. Further, incubation of spermatozoa with ground water F for 5, 10, and 15 min time intervals significantly reduced the sperm motility and activities of SOD and CAT and increased the concentration of MDA and abnormality of spermatozoa.

Dose and time-dependent effects of sodium fluoride on sperm motility: An in vitro study.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the toxic effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on sperm motility and abnormality. Treatment of epididymal sperm suspensions with different doses of NaF (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/ml) significantly reduced sperm motility at 15- and 30-min time intervals.