Role of nebulised dexmedetomidine, midazolam or ketamine as premedication in preschool children undergoing general anaesthesia-A prospective, double-blind, randomised study.

Background And Aims: Preschool age children are psycho-biologically vulnerable to all surgical procedures. In this study, we investigated the effect of nebulised dexmedetomidine, midazolam and ketamine as sedative premedication for alleviating parental separation anxiety, facilitating face mask acceptance and reducing emergence agitation in paediatric patients undergoing general anaesthesia.

Methods: A prospective, randomised, double-blind study was done involving 96 children of age 3-7 years, randomly allocated into three equal groups and pre-medicated with either nebulised dexmedetomidine 2 mg/kg (GroupD), midazolam 0.

Alterations in Mesoscopic Oscillations affecting Episodic Memory following Developmental Traumatic Brain Injury.

Certain deficits of episodic memory among young adults are the delayed consequences of an earlier mild or moderate Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI). We examined alterations in hippocampal Local Field Oscillations (LFOs) of equivalently-impaired juvenile rodents to identify reliable functional markers of single-incidence mTBI. Two persistent, behavior-dependent, electrophysiological markers of injury were identified in the absence of external physiological symptoms by the analysis of wirelessly-transmitted hippocampal LFOs (3-80Hz) during repeat measures of the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) paradigm.

A rare case of recurrence of primary spinal neurocysticercosis mimicking an arachnoid cyst.

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common parasitic infection of the central nervous system but isolated primary spinal NCC is of very rare occurrence. The authors report a case of 44-year-old male, a postoperative case of multiple spinal NCC lesion excision 2 years ago, who presented with cauda equina syndrome and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lesion mimicking an arachnoid cyst in the D1-9 region of the spinal cord. On intraoperative surgical exposure multiple cysts were found and excised.

Efficacy of intraarticular dexamethasone for postoperative analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery.

Background And Aims: In an attempt to improve the recovery and early rehabilitation after arthroscopic knee surgery, various medications have been administered via intra-articular route to prolong the duration and improve the quality of postoperative analgesia. Among the potentially effective substances, steroids like dexamethasone could be of particular interest.

Materials And Methods: Fifty patients undergoing elective knee arthroscopy were randomly assigned to one of the following groups containing 25 patients each.

Incidence of cardiac arrest increases with the indiscriminate use of dexmedetomidine: a case series and review of published case reports.

Dexmedetomidine has predictable, complex, and negative cardiovascular effects that lead to additional adverse effects such as bradycardia and hypotension in up to 42% of patients and might cause profound left ventricular dysfunction and refractory shock. Usually, these temporary effects can be successfully counteracted with atropine, ephedrine, and volume supplementation. Clinicians need to be well informed about the potential of dexmedetomidine to cause bradycardia, which may progress to pulseless electrical activity, particularly in patients older than 50 years and patients with cardiac abnormalities.

Postoperative tension pneumocephalus following cerebral aneurysm surgery in supine position without prior lumbar drainage.

The occurrence of tension pneumocephalus in neurosurgeries done in the supine position is scarcely reported. We present a case of 57-year-old man who developed tension pneumocephalus postoperatively, following cerebral aneurysm surgery, in supine position, where lumbar drainage before clipping surgery was not done. The patient's neurological status deteriorated rapidly, characterized by convulsion and unresponsiveness to external stimuli, 1 h following the uneventful surgery.

A comparative study of efficacy of oral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents and locally injectable steroid for the treatment of plantar fasciitis.

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of oral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and locally injectable steroid (methylprednisolone) in the treatment of plantar fasciitis.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and twenty subjects with unilateral plantar fasciitis were recruited and randomly allocated to two study groups. Group I (NSAIDs group) (n=60) received oral tablet diclofenac (50 mg) and paracetamol (500 mg) twice a day (BD) along with tab.

Palonosetron and palonosetron plus dexamethasone to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparative study.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is associated with a high risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Palonosetron is a newer 5HT3 receptor antagonist, which is routinely used in our institution to prevent PONV in patients scheduled for LC, under general anesthesia (GA). We formulated this study to find out whether the palonosetron and dexamethasone combination will be a better choice than palonosetron alone in the prevention of PONV.

Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of three unprecedented tri-nuclear and one very rare tetra-nuclear copper(II) Schiff-base complexes supported by mixed azido/phenoxo/nitrato or acetato bridges.

Three novel mixed bridged trinuclear and one tetranuclear copper(II) complexes of tridentate NNO donor Schiff base ligands [Cu(3)(L(1))(2)(mu(1,1)-N(3))(2)(CH(3)OH)(2)(BF(4))(2)] (1), [Cu(3)(L(1))(2)(mu(1,1)-N(3))(2)(mu-NO(3)-1kappaO:2kappaO')(2)] (2), [Cu(3)(L(2))(2)(mu(1,1)-N(3))(2)(mu-NO(3)-1kappaO:2kappaO')(2)] (3) and [Cu(4)(L(3))(2)(mu(1,1)-N(3))(4)(mu-CH(3)COO-1kappaO:2kappaO')(2)] (4) have been synthesized by reaction of the respective tridentate ligands (L(1) = 2-[1-(2-dimethylamino-ethylimino)-ethyl]-phenol, L(2) = 2-[1-(2-diethylamino-ethylimino)-ethyl]-phenol, L(3) = 2-[1-(2-dimethylamino-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenol) with the corresponding copper(ii) salts in the presence of NaN(3). The complexes are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and variable-temperature magnetic measurements. Complex 1 is composed of two terminal [Cu(L(1))(mu(1,1)-N(3))] units connected by a central [Cu(BF(4))(2)] unit through nitrogen atoms of end-on azido ligands and a phenoxo oxygen atom of the tridentate ligand.

A unique example of structural and magnetic diversity in four interconvertible copper(II)-azide complexes with the same schiff base ligand: a monomer, a dimer, a chain, and a layer.

Four new Cu(II)-azido complexes of formula [CuL(N(3))] (1), [CuL(N(3))](2) (2), [Cu(7)L(2)(N(3))(12)](n) (3), and [Cu(2)L(dmen)(N(3))(3)](n) (4) (dmen = N,N-dimethylethylenediamine) have been synthesized using the same tridentate Schiff base ligand HL (2-[1-(2-dimethylaminoethylimino)ethyl]phenol, the condensation product of dmen and 2-hydroxyacetophenone). The four compounds have been characterized by X-ray structural analyses and variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements. Complex 1 is mononuclear, whereas 2 is a single mu-1,1 azido-bridged dinuclear compound.

Copper(II) complexes of mono-anionic glutamate: anionic influence in the variations of molecular and supramolecular structures.

Three new polynuclear copper(II) complexes of singly deprotonated L-glutamic acid (L-glu), {[Cu(bipy)2][Cu(bipy)(L-glu)H2O]2(BF4)4 x (H2O)3}n (1), {[Cu(bipy)(L-glu)H2O][Cu(bipy)(L-glu)(ClO4)](ClO4) x (H2O)2}n (2) and [Cu(phen)(L-glu)H2O]2(NO3)2 x (H2O)4 (3) (bipy = 2,2-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), were synthesized in acidic pH (ca. 2.5) and characterized structurally.

(Acetato-kappaO)aqua(1H-imidazole-kappaN3)(picolinato-kappa2N,O)copper(II) 0.87-hydrate: a Z' > 1 structure.

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu(C6H4NO2)(C2H3O2)(C3H4N2)(H2O)].0.87H2O, has a square-pyramidal-coordinated Cu(II) centre (the imidazole is trans to the picolinate N atom, the acetate is trans to the picolinate -CO2 group and the aqua ligand is in a Jahn-Teller-elongated apical position) and has two symmetry-independent molecules in the unit cell (Z' = 2), which are connected through complementary imidazole-picolinate N-H.

Stabilization of a helical water chain in a metal-organic host of a trinuclear Schiff base complex.

Three heterometallic trinuclear Schiff base complexes, [{CuL1(H2O)}2Ni(CN)4].4H2O (1), [{CuL2(H2O)}2Ni(CN)4] (2), and [{CuL3(H2O)}2Ni(CN)4] (3) (HL1=7-amino-4-methyl-5-azahept-3-en-2-one, HL2=7-methylamino-4-methyl-5-azahept-3-en-2-one, and HL3=7-dimethylamino-4-methyl-5-azahept-3-en-2-one), were synthesized. All three complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV spectroscopies, and thermal analysis.

Anion-directed synthesis of metal-organic frameworks based on 2-picolinate CuII complexes: a ferromagnetic alternating chain and two unprecedented ferromagnetic fish backbone chains.

Three new polynuclear copperII complexes of 2-picolinic acid (Hpic), {[Cu2(pic)3(H2O)]ClO4}n (1), {[Cu2(pic)3(H2O)]BF4}n (2), and [Cu2(pic)3(H2O)2(NO3)]n (3), have been synthesized by reaction of the "metalloligand" [Cu(pic)2] with the corresponding copperII salts. The compounds are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and variable-temperature magnetic measurements. Compounds 1 and 2 are isomorphous and crystallize in the triclinic system with space group P, while 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group P21/n.