Persulfate activation using leonardite char-supported nano zero-valent iron composites for styrene-contaminated soil and water remediation.

Effective in-situ technology to treat carcinogenic compounds in contaminated areas poses a major challenge. Our objective was to load nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) onto leonardite char (LNDC), an alternative carbon source from industrial waste, for use as a persulfate (PS) activator for styrene treatment in soil and water. By adding a surfactant during synthesis, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) promotes a flower-like morphology and the nZVI formation in smaller sizes.

Dual Activation of Peroxymonosulfate Using MnFeO/g-CN and Visible Light for the Efficient Degradation of Steroid Hormones: Performance, Mechanisms, and Environmental Impacts.

Single activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in a homogeneous system is sometimes insufficient for producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) for water treatment applications. In this work, manganese spinel ferrite and graphitic carbon nitride (MnFeO/g-CN; MnF) were successfully used as an activator for PMS under visible light irradiation to remove the four-most-detected-hormone-contaminated water under different environmental conditions. The incorporation of g-CN in the nanocomposites led to material enhancements, including increased crystallinity, reduced particle agglomeration, amplified magnetism, improved recyclability, and increased active surface area, thereby facilitating the PMS activation and electron transfer processes.

Adsorptive-Photocatalytic Performance for Antibiotic and Personal Care Product Using CuMnFeO.

The amount of antibiotics and personal care products entering local sewage systems and ultimately natural waters is increasing and raising concerns about long-term human health effects. We developed an adsorptive photocatalyst, CuMnFeO nanoparticles, utilizing co-precipitation and calcination with melamine, and quantified its efficacy in removing paraben and oxytetracycline (OTC). During melamine calcination, CuMnFeO recrystallized, improving material crystallinity and purity for the adsorptive-photocatalytic reaction.

Developing a Slow-Release Permanganate Composite for Degrading Aquaculture Antibiotics.

Copious use of antibiotics in aquaculture farming systems has resulted in surface water contamination in some countries. Our objective was to develop a slow-release oxidant that could be used in situ to reduce antibiotic concentrations in discharges from aquaculture lagoons. We accomplished this by generating a slow-release permanganate (SR-MnO) that was composed of a biodegradable wax and a phosphate-based dispersing agent.

Enhanced degradation of herbicides in groundwater using sulfur-containing reductants and spinel zinc ferrite activated persulfate.

A challenge to successfully implementing an injection-based remedial treatment in aquifers is to ensure that the oxidative reaction is efficient and lasts long enough to contact the contaminated plume. Our objective was to determine the efficacy of zinc ferrite nanocomposites (ZnFeO) and sulfur-containing reductants (SCR) (i.e.

Fabrication of Ternary Nanoparticles for Catalytic Ozonation to Treat Parabens: Mechanisms, Efficiency, and Effects on L. and Eker Leiomyoma Tumor-3 Cells.

The use of parabens in personal care products can result in their leakage into water bodies, especially in public swimming pools with insufficient water treatment. We found that ferrite-based nanomaterials could catalytically enhance ozone efficiency through the production of reactive oxygen species. Our objective was to develop a catalytic ozonation system using ternary nanocomposites that could minimize the ozone supply while ensuring the treated water was acceptable for disposal into the environment.

Enrofloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole Sorption on Carbonized Leonardite: Kinetics, Isotherms, Influential Effects, and Antibacterial Activity toward ATCC 25923.

Excessive antibiotic use in veterinary applications has resulted in water contamination and potentially poses a serious threat to aquatic environments and human health. The objective of the current study was to quantify carbonized leonardite (cLND) adsorption capabilities to remove sulfamethoxazole (SMX)- and enrofloxacin (ENR)-contaminated water and to determine the microbial activity of ENR residuals on cLND following adsorption. The cLND samples prepared at 450 °C and 850 °C (cLND450 and cLND550, respectively) were evaluated for structural and physical characteristics and adsorption capabilities based on adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies.

Fractionation and characterization of lignin from sugarcane bagasse using a sulfuric acid catalyzed solvothermal process.

Conversion of lignocellulosic residue to bioenergy and biofuel is a promising platform for global sustainability. Fractionation is an initial step for isolating lignocellulosic components for subsequent valorization. The aim of this research is to develop the solvothermal fractionation of sugarcane bagasse to produce high purity lignin.

Solvothermal-Based Lignin Fractionation From Corn Stover: Process Optimization and Product Characteristics.

Fractionation of lignocellulosic is a fundamental step in the production of value-added biobased products. This work proposes an initiative to efficiently extract lignin from the corn stover using a single-step solvothermal fractionation in the presence of an acid promoter (HSO). The organic solvent mixture used consists of ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water at a ratio of 30: 25:45 (v/v), respectively.

Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in Green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) following intravenous and intramuscular administration at two dosages.

Green sea turtles are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical waters. Adult green sea turtles face many threats, primarily from humans, including injuries from boat propellers, being caught in fishing nets, pollution, poaching, and infectious diseases. To the best of our knowledge, limited pharmacokinetic information to establish suitable therapeutic plans is available for green sea turtles.

Toxicokinetic profile of fusarenon-X and its metabolite nivalenol in the goat (Capra hircus).

The main aim of this research was to evaluate the toxicokinetic characteristics of fusarenon-X (FX) and its metabolite, nivalenol (NIV), in goats. The amounts of FX and NIV in post-mitochondrial (S-9), microsomal and cytosolic fractions of diverse tissues of the goat were also investigated. FX was intravenously (iv) or orally (po) administered to goats at dosages of 0.

Hexavalent chromium adsorption from aqueous solution using carbon nano-onions (CNOs).

The capacity of carbon nano-onions (CNOs) to remove hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solution was investigated. Batch experiments were performed to quantify the effects of the dosage rate, pH, counter ions, and temperature. The adsorption of Cr(VI) onto CNOs was best described by a pseudo-second order rate expression.

Dispositions of enrofloxacin and its major metabolite ciprofloxacin in Thai swamp buffaloes.

Given the limited information available in this species, the aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of enrofloxacin (ER) and its major metabolite ciprofloxacin (CP) in buffaloes, Bubalus bubalis. ER was administered intravenously (i.v.

Removing PAHs from urban runoff water by combining ozonation and carbon nano-onions.

Ozone (O3) is a chemical oxidant capable of transforming polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban runoff within minutes but complete oxidation to CO2 can take days to weeks. We developed and tested a flow-through system that used ozone to quickly transform PAHs in a runoff stream and then removed the ozone-transformed PAHs via adsorption to carbon nano-onions (CNOs). To quantify the efficacy of this approach, (14)C-labeled phenanthrene and benzo(a)pyrene, as well as a mixture of 16 unlabeled PAHs were used as test compounds.

A combined chemical and biological approach to transforming and mineralizing PAHs in runoff water.

The water quality of lakes, rivers and streams associated with metropolitan areas is declining from increased inputs of urban runoff that contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Our objective was to transform and mineralize PAHs in runoff using a combined chemical and biological approach. Using (14)C-labeled phenanthrene, (14)C-benzo(a)pyrene and a mixture of 16 PAHs, we found that ozone transformed all PAHs in a H2O matrix within minutes but complete mineralization to CO2 took several weeks.

Improving the treatment of non-aqueous phase TCE in low permeability zones with permanganate.

Treating dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) embedded in low permeability zones (LPZs) is a particularly challenging issue for injection-based remedial treatments. Our objective was to improve the sweeping efficiency of permanganate (MnO4(-)) into LPZs to treat high concentrations of TCE. This was accomplished by conducting transport experiments that quantified the penetration of various permanganate flooding solutions into a LPZ that was spiked with non-aqueous phase (14)C-TCE.

Improving the sweeping efficiency of permanganate into low permeable zones to treat TCE: experimental results and model development.

The residual buildup and treatment of dissolved contaminants in low permeable zones (LPZs) is a particularly challenging issue for injection-based remedial treatments. Our objective was to improve the sweeping efficiency of permanganate into LPZs to treat dissolved-phase TCE. This was accomplished by conducting transport experiments that quantified the ability of xanthan-MnO4(-) solutions to penetrate and cover (i.

Using slow-release permanganate candles to remediate PAH-contaminated water.

Surface waters impacted by urban runoff in metropolitan areas are becoming increasingly contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Slow-release oxidant candles (paraffin-KMnO(4)) are a relatively new technology being used to treat contaminated groundwater and could potentially be used to treat urban runoff. Given that these candles only release permanganate when submerged, the ephemeral nature of runoff events would influence when the permanganate is released for treating PAHs.

Developing slow-release persulfate candles to treat BTEX contaminated groundwater.

The development of slow-release chemical oxidants for sub-surface remediation is a relatively new technology. Our objective was to develop slow-release persulfate-paraffin candles to treat BTEX-contaminated groundwater. Laboratory-scale candles were prepared by heating and mixing Na(2)S(2)O(8) with paraffin in a 2.

Development of a flow-based ultrafast immunoextraction and reverse displacement immunoassay: analysis of free drug fractions.

A flow-based method employing a reverse displacement immunoassay was combined with ultrafast immunoextraction and near-infrared fluorescence detection for the analysis of free drug fractions, using phenytoin as a model analyte. Factors considered in the design of this method included the sample application conditions, the design of the immobilized drug analog column, the utilization of antibodies or F(ab) fragments as labeled binding agents, and the label application and column regeneration conditions. In the final method, sample injections led to the displacement of labeled binding agents from an immobilized phenytoin analog column.

Transformation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) by permanganate.

The chemical oxidant permanganate (MnO(4)(-)) has been shown to effectively transform hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) at both the laboratory and field scales. We treated RDX with MnO(4)(-) with the objective of quantifying the effects of pH and temperature on destruction kinetics and determining reaction rates. A nitrogen mass balance and the distribution of reaction products were used to provide insight into reaction mechanisms.