Binding specificity of HuScFv to cholangiocarcinoma cells; New avenues for diagnosis and treatment.

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a very aggressive cancer of the bile ducts. Recent advances in immunotherapy, particularly with human single-chain variable fragments (HuScFv), have shown promise in the treatment of solid tumors by targeting cancer cells or improving the immune response.

Objective: This study aimed to select and produce human single-chain antibody fragments (HuScFv) specific to CCA cells (HubCCA1, RMCCA) from phage display HuScFv libraries with minimum or no binding to cholangiocytes (MMNK1).

Immunogenicity of intraperitoneal and intranasal liposome adjuvanted VLP vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Humans get SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly through inhalation; thus, vaccine that induces protective immunity at the virus entry site is important for early control of the infection. In this study, two anionic liposome (L)-adjuvanted VLP vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 were formulated. Baculovirus-Sf21 insect cell system was used for production of VLPs made of full-length S, M and E proteins.

Agonistic Bivalent Human scFvs-Fcγ Fusion Antibodies to OX40 Ectodomain Enhance T Cell Activities against Cancer.

(1) Background: Understanding how advanced cancers evade host innate and adaptive immune opponents has led to cancer immunotherapy. Among several immunotherapeutic strategies, the reversal of immunosuppression mediated by regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) using blockers of immune-checkpoint signaling in effector T cells is the most successful treatment measure. Furthermore, agonists of T cell costimulatory molecules (CD40, 4-1BB, OX40) play an additional anti-cancer role to that of checkpoint blocking in combined therapy and serve also as adjuvant/neoadjuvant/induction therapy to conventional cancer treatments, such as tumor resection and radio- and chemo- therapies.

Tularemia - a re-emerging disease with growing concern.

Tularemia caused by Gram-negative, coccobacillus bacterium, is a highly infectious zoonotic disease. Human cases have been reported mainly from the United States, Nordic countries like Sweden and Finland, and some European and Asian countries. Naturally, the disease occurs in several vertebrates, particularly lagomorphs.

Correction: Kaewchim et al. Neutralizing and Enhancing Epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) Identified by Nanobodies. 2023, , 1252.

In the original publication [...

Neutralizing and Enhancing Epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) Identified by Nanobodies.

Engineered nanobodies (VHs) to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) were generated using phage display technology. A recombinant Wuhan RBD served as bait in phage panning to fish out nanobody-displaying phages from a VH/VH phage display library. Sixteen phage-infected clones produced nanobodies with 81.

Targeted Nanoparticles for the Binding of Injured Vascular Endothelium after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a common procedure for the management of coronary artery obstruction. However, it usually causes vascular wall injury leading to restenosis that limits the long-term success of the PCI endeavor. The ultimate objective of this study was to develop the targeting nanoparticles (NPs) that were destined for the injured subendothelium and attract endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to the damaged location for endothelium regeneration.

Development of a Rapid Reverse Transcription-Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Couple Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Method for Detecting Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection is an important acute diarrheal disease of swine that results in economic and industrial losses worldwide. The clinical manifestations in infected piglets are severe diarrhea, dehydration with milk curd indigestion, leading to death. The diagnosis of PEDV is essential for monitoring and managing the disease.

Enhancing epitope of PEDV spike protein.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the causative agent of a highly contagious enteric disease of pigs characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, and severe dehydration. PEDV infects pigs of all ages, but neonatal pigs during the first week of life are highly susceptible; the mortality rates among newborn piglets may reach 80-100%. Thus, PEDV is regarded as one of the most devastating pig viruses that cause huge economic damage to pig industries worldwide.

Targeting Emerging RNA Viruses by Engineered Human Superantibody to Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase.

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a unique and highly conserved enzyme across all members of the RNA virus superfamilies. Besides, humans do not have a homolog of this protein. Therefore, the RdRp is an attractive target for a broadly effective therapeutic agent against RNA viruses.

Swine coronaviruses (SCoVs) and their emerging threats to swine population, inter-species transmission, exploring the susceptibility of pigs for SARS-CoV-2 and zoonotic concerns.

Swine coronaviruses (SCoVs) are one of the most devastating pathogens affecting the livelihoods of farmers and swine industry across the world. These include transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), and porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV). Coronaviruses infect a wide variety of animal species and humans because these are having single stranded-RNA that accounts for high mutation rates and thus could break the species barrier.

Peptide of Infective Larval Extract That Harnesses Growth of Human Hepatoma Cells.

, a tissue-dwelling helminth, causes human trichinellosis through ingestion of undercooked meat containing the parasite's infective larvae. However, benefits from infection have been documented: reduction of allergic diseases, inhibition of collagen-induced arthritis, delay of type 1 diabetes progression, and suppression of cancer cell proliferation. Since conventional cancer treatments have limited and unreliable efficacies with adverse side effects, novel adjunctive therapeutic agents and strategies are needed to enhance the overall treatment outcomes.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence of Non-Typhoidal from Retail Foods Marketed in Bangkok, Thailand.

Nontyphoidal- bacteria cause foodborne gastroenteritis that may lead to fatal bacteremia, osteomyelitis, and meningitis if not treated properly. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains is a global public health threat. Regular monitoring of genotypes and phenotypes of isolated from humans, animals, foods, and environments is mandatory for effective reduction and control of this food-borne pathogen.

Novel Neutralizing Epitope of PEDV S1 Protein Identified by IgM Monoclonal Antibody.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes devastating enteric disease that inflicts huge economic damage on the swine industry worldwide. A safe and highly effective PEDV vaccine that contains only the virus-neutralizing epitopes (not enhancing epitope), as well as a ready-to-use PEDV neutralizing antibody for the passive immunization of PEDV vulnerable piglets (during the first week of life) are needed, particularly for PEDV-endemic farms. In this study, we generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the recombinant S1 domain of PEDV spike (S) protein and tested their PEDV neutralizing activity by CPE-reduction assay.

GroEL Chaperonin-Based Assay for Early Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus.

A point-of-care diagnostic for early and rapid diagnosis of scrub typhus caused by is required for prompt and proper treatment of patients presenting with undifferentiated febrile illnesses. In this study, an immunochromatographic antigen detection test kit (ICT AgTK) that targets the highly conserved 60 kDa GroEL chaperonin (heat shock protein 60) was developed. -derived recombinant GroEL expressed from DNA coding for the consensus sequence of 32 GroEL gene sequences extracted from the GenBank database was used to immunize rabbits and mice.

Generation of a nanobody against HER2 tyrosine kinase using phage display library screening for HER2-positive breast cancer therapy development.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein overexpression is found in ~30% of invasive breast carcinomas and in a high proportion of noninvasive ductal carcinomas in situ. Targeted cancer therapy is based on monoclonal antibodies and kinase inhibitors and reflects a new era of cancer therapy. However, delivery to tumor cells in vivo is hampered by the large size (150 kDa) of conventional antibodies.