Interactive Effects of LED Spectrum and Nitrogen Levels on Physiological Changes and Yield of Strawberry ( Duch.).

Strawberries are valued globally for their nutritional, aesthetic, and economic benefits. Optimizing blue-to-red LED ratios and nitrogen levels is essential for sustainable indoor strawberry cultivation. This factorial study investigated the effects of blue and red LED combination ratios (L1; 1:3, L2; 1:4, and L3; 1:6) and nitrogen levels (N1; 100 and N2; 200 mg/L) on the physiology and performance of strawberries in a plant factory.

Physiological responses of hydroponically-grown Japanese mint under nutrient deficiency.

This research aims to determine growth and deficiency patterns as well as antioxidative potentials of Japanese mint () hydroponically grown under limited macronutrients and micronutrients. The experiment was conducted for 60 days after transplanting in an evaporative greenhouse (avg temp = 28-30 °C, 60-65 %RH), using deep water culture technique. Plants were grown in nutrient solution consisting of complete Hoagland's solution (CTRL), and nutrient solutions lacking one of the following macronutrients and micronutrients: nitrogen (-N), phosphorus (-P), potassium (-K), iron (-Fe), manganese (-Mn), and copper (-Cu).