Boundary detection of retinoblastoma tumors with neural networks.

Consistent and accurate measurement of retinoblastoma tumors is of important clinical value for treatment management. This paper presents an algorithm for the determination of retinoblastoma (RB) tumor to assist in the determination of tumor volume changes throughout treatment periods. The result of the development of a neural network approach for the analysis of three-dimensional ultrasound images shows that it is possible to identify retinoblastoma tumors and accurately determine the front and back boundary of the tumor.

"Traditional" medical therapy for unstable angina. How important? How to use?

Unstable angina comprises a heterogeneous population of patients who present with a wide spectrum of underlying pathophysiology. The traditional treatment of these patients is based on both evidenced-based medicine as well as clinical experience. Despite the large population of patients admitted with this diagnosis, the scientific literature regarding its treatment is scarce.

Pharmacokinetic modeling and absorbed dose estimation for chimeric anti-CEA antibody in humans.

Unlabelled: The objective of this article was to model pharmacokinetic data from clinical diagnostic studies involving the 111In-labeled monoclonal antibody (MAb) chimeric T84.66, against carcinoembryonic antigen. Model-derived results based on the 111In-MAb blood, urine and digital imaging data were used to predict 90Y-MAb absorbed radiation doses and to guide treatment planning for future therapy trials.

Discovery and analysis of inflammatory disease-related genes using cDNA microarrays.

cDNA microarray technology is used to profile complex diseases and discover novel disease-related genes. In inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, expression patterns of diverse cell types contribute to the pathology. We have monitored gene expression in this disease state with a microarray of selected human genes of probable significance in inflammation as well as with genes expressed in peripheral human blood cells.

Parallel human genome analysis: microarray-based expression monitoring of 1000 genes.

Microarrays containing 1046 human cDNAs of unknown sequence were printed on glass with high-speed robotics. These 1.0-cm2 DNA "chips" were used to quantitatively monitor differential expression of the cognate human genes using a highly sensitive two-color hybridization assay.

In vivo purging with high-dose cytarabine followed by high-dose chemoradiotherapy and reinfusion of unpurged bone marrow for adult acute myelogenous leukemia in first complete remission.

Purpose: To evaluate in a prospective study the efficacy of autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in first remission, using a single course of high-dose Cytarabine (HD Ara-C) consolidation therapy as in vivo purging.

Patients And Methods: Sixty consecutive adult patients with AML in first complete remission (CR) were treated with HD Ara-C consolidation therapy as a method of in vivo purging before marrow collection. High-dose therapy consisted of fractionated total-body irradiation (FTBI) 12 Gy, intravenous etoposide 60 mg/kg, and cyclophosphamide 75 mg/kg, followed by reinfusion of cryopreserved marrow.

Histopathologic effects of tamoxifen on the uterine epithelium of breast cancer patients: analysis by menopausal status.

We evaluated the histopathologic changes of the uterine epithelium in 73 breast cancer patients with tamoxifen stratified by menopausal status. Clinicopathologic data at the time of breast cancer diagnosis and endometrial sampling were analyzed and compared with 122 breast cancer patients not receiving the drug. The incidence of endocervical and/or endometrial polyps was increased in tamoxifen-treated postmenopausal patients compared with untreated patients, 43% (25 of 58) and 24% (16 of 68), respectively (odds ratio=2.

On the correction for radioactive decay in pharmacokinetic modeling.

The question of how to include radioactive decay during biological modeling with first-order differential equations was considered. Modeling may involve either experimental data y(t) or decay-corrected data z(t) [identical to exp(lambda t)y(t) where lambda is the decay constant] for each compartment. It is sometimes assumed that the latter are solutions to corresponding purely pharmacokinetic models (no decay).

Effect of H-2 compatibility in autoimmune destruction of islet allografts from B10 congenic lines to nonobese diabetic mice.

Autoimmune diabetes involves multiple antigens, and both cellular and humoral immune responses. Using CBA (H-2k) C57BL/6 (H-2b), and BALB/c (H-2d) newborn mouse pancreata, we previously demonstrated that acute and strong destruction of islet allografts by anti-islet autoimmunity in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse H-2Kd, Db) is under the influence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. In the current study, we have attempted to confirm these results in the absence of minor alloantigenic differences using B10 congenic strains as pancreatic donors.

Prevention of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice by dendritic cell transfer.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dendritic cell (DC) transfers on the incidence of diabetes in female nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Groups of 4-wk-old NOD female mice were given a single foot pad of DCs (70-90% purity) isolated from the draining lymph nodes (LN) of the pancreas (PLN), the cervical LNs, or the axillary/inguinal LNs. In addition, other groups of NOD mice received purified spleen DCs, purified PLN T cells (the major contaminating population in DC preparations), or the injection vehicle PBS.

Congenital dislocation of hip in children: a review of patients treated in the Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, 1975-1988.

A retrospective review of patients with congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) seen in the Institute of Orthopaedics, Kuala Lumpur General Hospital from 1975 to 1988 is presented. There was a female predominance of 17 to five. The average follow-up was 43 months and the average age at final assessment was 63 months.

Identification of growth hormone at the myocardial cell surface.

Growth hormone immunoreactivity has been demonstrated in a variety of normal human tissues, and ectopic production has been documented in a number of malignant tumors. However, myocardium has not previously been reported to contain growth hormone. Monkey anti-rat growth hormone antiserum was used in a sensitive immunoperoxidase staining method to histologically localize growth hormone in myocardium obtained from normal rats and rats harboring growth hormone-secreting tumors.

Expression of genetically determined diabetes and insulitis in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse at the level of bone marrow-derived cells. Transfer of diabetes and insulitis to nondiabetic (NOD X B10) F1 mice with bone marrow cells from NOD mice.

The development of autoimmune diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is controlled by at least three recessive loci, including one linked to the MHC. To determine whether any of these genetic loci exert their effects via the immune system, radiation bone marrow chimeras were constructed in which (NOD X B10)F1-irradiated recipients were reconstituted with NOD bone marrow cells. Unmanipulated (NOD X B10)F1 mice, or irradiated F1 mice reconstituted with F1 or B10 bone marrow, did not display insulitis or diabetes.

Immunohistochemical localization of apolipoproteins A-I and B in human carotid arteries.

Decreased plasma levels of apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) and increased plasma levels of apolipoprotein B (apo B) have been shown to correlate with increased risk of atherosclerosis. While many studies have investigated the plasma levels of these apolipoproteins with regard to their value as predictors of cardiovascular disease, comparatively little is known about their precise tissue localization in atherosclerotic plaques. The purpose of this study was to determine the tissue localization of apo A-I and apo B in atherosclerotic segments of human carotid arteries through the use of immunohistochemical techniques.

Ratio measurement of diffuse to direct solar irradiances in the middle ultraviolet.

The experimental details in the ratio measurement of diffuse to direct solar irradiances in the middle uv are described. Some experimental data for typical partly cloudy inland summer weather in Florida are discussed and compared with various theoretical calculations. The more extensive data for clear days from P.