The Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle Sign: A Novel Imaging Marker for Differentiating Multiple System Atrophy Cerebellar Type from Spinocerebellar Ataxia.

Background And Purpose: The hot cross bun (HCB) sign is a hallmark feature of multiple system atrophy with predominant cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C), typically observed in advanced stages of the disease; however, it can also present in other conditions such as spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), making the differentiation challenging. The middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) sign may be observed in various medical conditions and in healthy individuals. We hypothesized that the inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP), known to be affected in MSA-C, may exhibit hyperintensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging, potentially aiding in differentiating MSA-C from SCA.

Need for Transparency and Clinical Interpretability in Hemorrhagic Stroke Artificial Intelligence Research: Promoting Effective Clinical Application.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) studies on hemorrhagic stroke using the Minimum Information for Medical AI Reporting (MINIMAR) and Minimum Information About Clinical Artificial Intelligence Modeling (MI-CLAIM) frameworks to promote clinical application.

Materials And Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched for AI/ML studies on hemorrhagic stroke. Out of the 531 articles found, 29 relevant original research articles were included.

Effect of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, DWP16001, as an add-on therapy to insulin for diabetic dogs: A pilot study.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a novel class of anti-hyperglycaemic agents.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and the adjuvant glycaemic control effect of an SGLT2 inhibitor, DWP16001, in diabetic dogs receiving insulin treatment.

Methods: Nineteen diabetic dogs receiving insulin treatment (NPH, porcine lente and glargine insulin) were divided into two groups according to dosing frequency: DWP TOD group (n = 10) and DWP SID group (n = 9).

SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung carcinoma: clinicodemographic, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography features.

Background: SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung carcinoma (SD-NSCLC) is a relatively rare tumor, which occurs in 5-10% of NSCLC. Based on World Health Organization thoracic tumor classification system, SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SD-UT) is recognized as a separate entity from SD-NSCLC. Differentiation between SD-NSCLC and SD-UT is often difficult due to shared biological continuum, but often required for choosing appropriate treatment regimen.

Corrective feedback guides human perceptual decision-making by informing about the world state rather than rewarding its choice.

Corrective feedback received on perceptual decisions is crucial for adjusting decision-making strategies to improve future choices. However, its complex interaction with other decision components, such as previous stimuli and choices, challenges a principled account of how it shapes subsequent decisions. One popular approach, based on animal behavior and extended to human perceptual decision-making, employs "reinforcement learning," a principle proven successful in reward-based decision-making.

Estimating the Volume of Nodules and Masses on Serial Chest Radiography Using a Deep-Learning-Based Automatic Detection Algorithm: A Preliminary Study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the volume of the pulmonary nodules and masses on serial chest X-rays (CXRs) from deep-learning-based automatic detection algorithm (DLAD)-based parameters.

Methods: In a retrospective single-institutional study, 72 patients, who obtained serial CXRs ( = 147) for pulmonary nodules or masses with corresponding chest CT images as the reference standards, were included. A pre-trained DLAD based on a convolutional neural network was developed to detect and localize nodules using 13,710 radiographs and to calculate a localization map and the derived parameters (e.

Assessment of main pancreatic duct cutoff with dilatation, but without visible pancreatic focal lesion on MDCT: a novel diagnostic approach for malignant stricture using a CT-based nomogram.

Objectives: To identify useful features to predict hidden pancreatic malignancies in patients with main pancreatic duct (MPD) abrupt cutoff and dilatation, but without visible focal pancreatic lesions on CT.

Methods: This retrospective study included 92 patients (mean age, 63.4 ± 10.

A robust multivariate structure of interindividual covariation between psychosocial characteristics and arousal responses to visual narratives.

People experience the same event but do not feel the same way. Such individual differences in emotion response are believed to be far greater than those in any other mental functions. Thus, to understand what makes people individuals, it is important to identify the systematic structures of individual differences in emotion response and elucidate how such structures relate to what aspects of psychological characteristics.

A Spatiotemporal Analytical Outlook of the Exposure to Air Pollution and COVID-19 Mortality in the USA.

Unlabelled: The world is experiencing a pandemic due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19. The USA is also suffering from a catastrophic death toll from COVID-19. Several studies are providing preliminary evidence that short- and long-term exposure to air pollution might increase the severity of COVID-19 outcomes, including a higher risk of death.

Association of vortical structures and hemodynamic parameters for regional thrombus accumulation in abdominal aortic aneurysms.

The intraluminal thrombus (ILT) has been shown to negatively impact the progression of the abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). The formation of this thrombus layer has been connected to the local flow environment within AAAs, but the specific mechanisms leading to thrombus formation are still not fully understood. Our study investigated the association between vortical structures, near-wall hemodynamic metrics (e.

Intraluminal thrombus effect on the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms by using a multistate continuous-time Markov chain model.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the characteristics of intraluminal thrombus (ILT) with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) expansion.

Methods: This retrospective clinical study applied homogeneous multistate continuous-time Markov chain models to longitudinal computed tomography (CT) data from Korean patients with AAA. Four AAA states were considered (early, mild, severe, fatal) and the maximal thickness of the ILT (max), the fraction of the wall area covered by the ILT (area) and the fraction of ILT volume (vol) were used as covariates.

Multi-group analysis using generalized additive kernel canonical correlation analysis.

Multivariate analysis has been widely used and one of the popular multivariate analysis methods is canonical correlation analysis (CCA). CCA finds the linear combination in each group that maximizes the Pearson correlation. CCA has been extended to a kernel CCA for nonlinear relationships and generalized CCA that can consider more than two groups.

Patient-Specific Prediction of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Expansion Using Bayesian Calibration.

Translating recent advances in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth and remodeling (G&R) knowledge into a predictive, patient-specific clinical treatment tool requires a major paradigm shift in computational modeling. The objectives of this study are to develop a prediction framework that first calibrates the physical AAA G&R model using patient-specific serial computed tomography (CT) scan images, predicts the expansion of an AAA in the future, and quantifies the associated uncertainty in the prediction. We adopt a Bayesian calibration method to calibrate parameters in the G&R computational model and predict the magnitude of AAA expansion.

Analysis of conversion of Alzheimer's disease using a multi-state Markov model.

With rapid aging of world population, Alzheimer's disease is becoming a leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease and cancer. Nearly 10% of people who are over 65 years old are affected by Alzheimer's disease. The causes have been studied intensively, but no definitive answer has been found.

Assessing the association of diabetes self-management education centers with age-adjusted diabetes rates across U.S.: Aspatial cluster analysis approach.

The purpose of this study is to identify regions with diabetes health-service shortage. American Diabetes Association (ADA)-accredited diabetes self-management education (DSME) is recommended for all those with diabetes. In this study, we focus on demographic patterns and geographic regionalization of the disease by including accessibility and availability of diabetes education resources as a critical component in understanding and confronting differences in diabetes prevalence, as well as addressing regional or sub-regional differences in awareness, treatment and control.

Variable selection for binary spatial regression: Penalized quasi-likelihood approach.

We consider the problem of selecting covariates in a spatial regression model when the response is binary. Penalized likelihood-based approach is proved to be effective for both variable selection and estimation simultaneously. In the context of a spatially dependent binary variable, an uniquely interpretable likelihood is not available, rather a quasi-likelihood might be more suitable.

Evaluation of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on renal regeneration after experimentally induced acute kidney injury in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) therapy for the treatment of dogs with experimentally induced acute kidney injury.

Animals: 6 healthy dogs.

Procedures: After induction of kidney injury (day 0) with cisplatin (5 mg/kg, IV), dogs immediately received saline (0.

Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration on renal regeneration after experimentally induced acute kidney injury in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) administration in dogs with experimentally induced acute kidney injury.

Animals: 6 healthy dogs.

Procedures: After induction of kidney injury (day 0) with cisplatin (5 mg/kg, IV), the dogs were randomly assigned into 2 groups (n = 3 dogs/group).

Association of Intraluminal Thrombus, Hemodynamic Forces, and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Expansion Using Longitudinal CT Images.

While hemodynamic forces and intraluminal thrombus (ILT) are believed to play important roles on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), it has been suggested that hemodynamic forces and ILT also interact with each other, making it a complex problem. There is, however, a pressing need to understand relationships among three factors: hemodynamics, ILT accumulation, and AAA expansion for AAA prognosis. Hence this study used longitudinal computer tomography scans from 14 patients and analyzed the relationship between them.

Uveodermatologic syndrome concurrent with keratoconjunctivitis sicca in a miniature poodle dog.

A 5-year-old, intact female miniature poodle dog was presented with chronic ophthalmic problems, facial poliosis, nasal depigmentation and multiple areas of alopecia over the trunk. Bilateral uveitis preceded dermatologic signs by 5 months and gradually worsened. The dog was diagnosed as having uveodermatologic syndrome (UDS) concurrent with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS).

A wearable healthcare system for cardiac signal monitoring using conductive textile electrodes.

Accurate cardiac signal monitoring feasible for long-term monitoring is important for a practical, cost-effective health monitoring system. In this study, we propose a wearable healthcare system based on conductive fabric-based electrodes allowing monitoring of electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms and demonstrated the potential for arrhythmia detection using the system. The measurement system uses conductive fabric-based electrodes arranged in a modified bipolar electrode configuration on the chest area of the patient.

Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of idiopathic aplastic pancytopenia in a dog treated with cyclosporine and azathioprine.

A dog was referred for pancytopenia. Bone marrow biopsy showed hypocellular fatty marrow. Magnetic resonance imaging had a high signal on T1-weighted image in the metaphyseal region of the femur.

Concentration gradient generation of multiple chemicals using spatially controlled self-assembly of particles in microchannels.

We present a robust microfluidic platform for the stable generation of multiple chemical gradients simultaneously using in situ self-assembly of particles in microchannels. This proposed device enables us to generate stable and reproducible diffusion-based gradients rapidly without convection flow: gradients are stabilized within 5 min and are maintained steady for several hours. Using this device, we demonstrate the dynamic position control of bacteria by introducing the sequential directional change of chemical gradients.

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of hepatic encephalopathy in a dog with a portosystemic shunt.

A 6-year-old ShihTzu presented with tonic-clonic cluster seizure. T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images showed bilateral diffuse hyperintense lesions at the cerebral cortex with enlarged sulci. Computed tomography revealed a portosystemic shunt (PSS) and azygos continuation.