Toxicity of Bioactive Molecule Andrographolide against Fab and Its Binding Potential with Detoxifying Enzyme Cytochrome P450.

Fab. is a polyphagous pest causing damage to many agriculture crops leading to yield loss. Recurrent usage of synthetic pesticides to control this pest has resulted in resistance development.

Target and non-target toxicity of botanical insecticide derived from Couroupita guianensis L. flower against generalist herbivore, Spodoptera litura Fab. and an earthworm, Eisenia foetida Savigny.

Botanical insecticides may provide alternatives to synthetic insecticides for controlling Spodoptera litura (F.) and they are target specific, biodegradable, and harmless to mammals. Eight natural chemical compounds with larvicidal activity were identified from fraction F6 of C.

Female sex pheromone of the Gelechiid moth Scrobipalpa salinella (Zeller).

The sex pheromone system of Scrobipalpa salinella (Zeller), an important pest of the halophyte Salicornia europaea in the tidal salt marshes, was studied. Z3-12:OAc and Z5-12:OAc were identified from both female pheromone glands and female emissions, but in quite different ratios. Field trapping tests demonstrated that Z3-12:OAc and Z5-12:OAc are essential for optimal attraction of male moths, and a 100:5 blend found in gland extracts is significantly more attractive to males than a 100:50 ratio similar to that found in SPME samples.

Toxicity and physiological effects of neem pesticides applied to rice on the Nilaparvata lugens Stål, the brown planthopper.

The effects of two different neem products (Parker Oil and Neema) on mortality, food consumption and survival of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål (BPH) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) were investigated. The LC(50) (3.45 ml/L for nymph and 4.

The toxicity and physiological effect of goniothalamin, a styryl-pyrone, on the generalist herbivore, Spodoptera exigua Hübner.

Efficacy of Goniothalamin a styryl-pyrone isolated from Goniothalamus wightii Hook.f. and Thoms, against beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), populations was determined under laboratory condition.

Toxicity and behavioral effect of 3beta,24,25-trihydroxycycloartane and beddomei lactone on the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

Treatment of Dysoxylum pure triterpenes 3beta,24,25-trihydroxycycloartane and beddomei lactone to the rice leaffolder (RLF), Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), resulted in prolonged larval duration and reduced larval weight. In leaf cut choice assay and topical application experiments, beddomei lactone and 3beta,24,25-trihydroxycycloartaneto showed strong antifeedant and growth inhibitor activity against fourth instar larvae of C. medinalis.

Effect of azadirachtin on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and histology of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).

The effect of azadirachtin (AZA), a tetranortriterpene from neem, on the mortality, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and the development of the ovaries of female brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) was tested in laboratory experiments. The lethal concentrations were determined and applied topically to the adult female BPH (LC(50)=0.47 ppm and LC(90)=0.

The toxic effects of neem extract and azadirachtin on the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (BPH) (Homoptera: Delphacidae).

Extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) are used in the developing world for many purposes including management of agricultural insect pests. The effects of different neem extracts (aqueous (NSKEaq), ethanol (NSKEeth) and hexane (NSKEhex)) on mortality, survival and weight of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (BPH) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) third and fourth nymphal instars were investigated.