Biodistribution and pharmacokinetic evaluation of Korean Red Ginseng components using radioisotopes in a rat model.

Background: Although many studies have evaluated the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) components (Rg1, Rb1, Rg3, Rd, etc.), few have examined the in vivo pharmacokinetics of the radiolabeled components. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides and their metabolite compound K (CK), 20(s)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), and 20(s)-protopanaxatriol (PPT) using radioisotopes in rat oral administration.

Long-term evaluation of safety and biological effects of Korean Red Ginseng (Panax Ginseng): a long-term in vivo study.

Background: Although Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is safe, this finding was only evaluated in 3-mo-long studies. Its safety was verified through a 6-mo KRG administration clinical study, but long-term studies beyond 6 mo are insufficient. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of 12-mo KRG administration.

Safety of red ginseng and herb extract complex (RHC) in menopausal women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Various treatments are used to relieve menopausal symptoms for women. However, herbal substances are frequently used as complementary and alternative therapies as other treatments can increase ovarian and breast cancer risk. While the herbal substances' therapeutic effect is essential, the safety of their use is considered more important.

Effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases: pharmacological and therapeutic roles.

Traditionally, Asian ginseng or Korean ginseng, x ginseng has long been used in Korea and China to treat various diseases. The main active components of ginseng is ginsenoside, which is known to have various pharmacological treatment effects such as antioxidant, vascular easing, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, and anticancer. Most reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause chronic diseases such as myocardial symptoms and cause fatal oxidative damage to cell membrane lipids and proteins.

Corrigendum to "A novel herbal formulation consisting of red ginseng extract and Epimedium koreanum Nakai-attenuated dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis in mice" [J Ginseng Res 44 (2020) 833-842].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.

Immuno-enhancement effects of Korean Red Ginseng in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Most clinical studies of immune responses activated by Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) have been conducted exclusively in patients. However, there is still a lack of clinical research on immune-boosting benefits of KRG for healthy persons. This study aims to confirm how KRG boosts the immune system of healthy subjects.

The antioxidant activities of Korean Red Ginseng () and ginsenosides: A systemic review through and clinical trials.

A wide range of studies have steadily pointed out the relation of oxidative stress to the primary and secondary causes of human disease and aging. As such, there have been multiple misconceptions about oxidative stress. Most of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from chronic diseases cause oxidative damage to cell membrane lipids and proteins.

A novel herbal formulation consisting of red ginseng extract and Nakai-attenuated dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a commonly encountered large intestine disease in the contemporary world that terminates into colorectal cancer; therefore, the timely treatment of UC is of major concern. Meyer is an extensively consumed herbal commodity in South East Asian countries, especially Korea. It exhibits a wide range of biologically beneficial qualities for almost head-to-toe ailments in the body.

Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Korean Red Ginseng Oil in an Ultraviolet B-Induced Hairless Mouse Model.

A 'remedy for all' natural product widely known in the Korean Peninsula is called Meyer. Globalization represents a persistent risk to the ozone layer, leading to bountiful amounts of Ultra-Violet B beams (UVB). The variety in human skin hues is ascribed to the characteristic color called Melanin.

Immune Activity of Polysaccharide Fractions Isolated from Korean Red Ginseng.

Korean red ginseng (KRG)'s pharmacological efficacy and popular immunomodulatory effects have already been proven in many studies; however, the component of KRG that is effective in immune activity has not been studied before. Therefore, this study extracted and separated KRG for an immune activity comparison. In the water fraction obtained by extracting KRG powder with water, a red ginseng neutral polysaccharide (RGNP) fraction and a red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP) fraction were obtained.

Biological Effects of Korean Red Ginseng Polysaccharides in Aged Rat Using Global Proteomic Approach.

Much has been written on the physiological benefits of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG). Among its various components, ginsenosides have been widely investigated for their various pharmacological effects. However, polysaccharides are a major KRG component that has not received scrutiny similar to that of ginsenosides.

Physiological and pharmacological features of the non-saponin components in Korean Red Ginseng.

, a medicinal plant, has been used as a blood-nourishing tonic for thousands of years in Asia, including Korea and China.  exhibits adaptogen activity that maintains homeostasis by restoring general biological functions and non-specifically enhancing the body's resistance to external stress. Several  effects have been reported.

Korean Red Ginseng extract ameliorates melanogenesis in humans and induces antiphotoaging effects in ultraviolet B-irradiated hairless mice.

Background: is a marvelous herbal remedy for all ailments of body. That may be why it is called Panax, which means "cure for all". Melanin is a pigment that gives color to our skin; however, increased melanin production can lead to tumor formation.

Inhibitory mechanism of ginsenoside Rh3 on granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression in UV-B-irradiated murine SP-1 keratinocytes.

Background: Ultraviolet (UV) goes through the epidermis and promotes release of inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), one of the keratinocyte-derived cytokines, regulates proliferation and differentiation of melanocytes. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathways regulate expression of GM-CSF.

Mediation of antiinflammatory effects of Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract from Korean Red Ginseng via retinoid X receptor α-peroxisome-proliferating receptor γ nuclear receptors.

Background: Ginseng has a wide range of beneficial effects on health, such as the mitigation of minor and major inflammatory diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. There are abundant data regarding the health-enhancing properties of whole ginseng extracts and single ginsenosides; however, no study to date has determined the receptors that mediate the effects of ginseng extracts. In this study, for the first time, we explored whether the antiinflammatory effects of Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract (Rg3-RGE) are mediated by retinoid X receptor α-peroxisome-proliferating receptor γ (RXRα-PPARγ) heterodimer nuclear receptors.

Anti-acne properties of hydrophobic fraction of red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and its active components.

Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin that occurs when bacteria abnormally grow in hair follicles. The most common treatment is antibiotics, but they are limited due to antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to identify the active ingredients of the antimicrobial effects of red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Rg3-Enriched Korean Red Ginseng Extract in Murine Model of Sepsis.

Ginseng has therapeutic effects on various bodily disorders ranging from minor inflammation to major cardiovascular diseases. In our study, we explored the anti-inflammatory effects of Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract (Rg3-RGE), a ginsenoside belonging to the panaxadiol group. We employed nitric oxide assay (NO) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) to elucidate the anti-inflammatory activity of Rg3-RGE.

Alleviation of diabetic complications by ginsenoside Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract in western diet-fed LDL mice.

In this study, we precisely showed how the Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract (Rg3-RGE) lowers glucose, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in LDL mice. Aspartate aminotransferase/serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), alanine aminotransferase /serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, and steatohepatitis were found to be reduced, and atheroma formation was inhibited by Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract.

Ginsenoside Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation.

Background: Korean Red Ginseng has been used for several decades to treat many diseases, enhancing both immunity and physical strength. Previous studies have documented the therapeutic effects of ginseng, including its anticancer, antiaging, and anti-inflammatory activities. These activities are mediated by ginsenosides present in the ginseng plant.

analysis of chemical components induced by steaming between fresh ginseng, steamed ginseng, and red ginseng.

Background: The chemical constituents of are changed by processing methods such as steaming or sun drying. In the present study, the chemical change of induced by steaming was monitored .

Methods: Samples were separated from the same ginseng root by incision during the steaming process, for monitoring.

Panax ginseng aqueous extract prevents pneumococcal sepsis in vivo by potentiating cell survival and diminishing inflammation.

Background: More than 50% of sepsis cases are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, and hospital mortality related to sepsis comprises 52% of all hospital deaths. Therefore, sepsis is a medical emergency, and any treatment against the agent that produces it, is welcome.

Purpose: The role of Panax ginseng C.

Inhibitory effect of Korean Red Ginseng on melanocyte proliferation and its possible implication in GM-CSF mediated signaling.

Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has been reported to exert anticancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, there has been no report on the effect of KRG on skin pigmentation. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of KRG on melanocyte proliferation.

Effects of Korean red ginseng extract on cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting.

Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, is well known as a tonic medicine for restoring and enhancing human health.