Green extraction of prostaglandin analogs in cosmetics using deep eutectic solvents and detection via LC-MS/MS.

Prostaglandin analogs (bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, etc.) have similar effects to prostaglandins and are effective drugs for treating glaucoma. These compounds exhibit abnormal reactions such as causing eyelash growth, with several cases being reported of people purchasing them to increase eyelash growth; however, some cases have reported side effects such as pigmentation and dry eyes.

Regulatory T cells modulate monocyte functions in immunocompetent antiretroviral therapy naive HIV-1 infected people.

We previously demonstrated that the overall number of regulatory T (Treg) cells decrease proportionately with helper CD4 T cells and their frequencies increase in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infected individuals. The question now is whether the discrepancies in Treg cell numbers and frequencies are synonymous to an impairment of their functions. To address this, we purified Treg cells and assessed their ability to modulate autologous monocytes functions.

Specific antibody responses to Qβ-displayed Plasmodium falciparum-derived UB05 and MSP3 proteins in mother-neonate couples.

Malaria blood-stage parasite is a critical pathogenic stage responsible for serious adverse outcomes in pregnant women and their neonates. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses specific to various asexual blood-stage antigens were well reported in non-pregnant individuals. However, little is still known during placental malaria.

GNUV201, a novel human/mouse cross-reactive and low pH-selective anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody for cancer immunotherapy.

Background: Several PD-1 antibodies approved as anti-cancer therapies work by blocking the interaction of PD-1 with its ligand PD-L1, thus restoring anti-cancer T cell activities. These PD-1 antibodies lack inter-species cross-reactivity, necessitating surrogate antibodies for preclinical studies, which may limit the predictability and translatability of the studies.

Results: To overcome this limitation, we have developed an inter-species cross-reactive PD-1 antibody, GNUV201, by utilizing an enhanced diversity mouse platform (SHINE MOUSE™).

Identification of dendritic cell precursor from the CD11c cells expressing high levels of MHC class II molecules in the culture of bone marrow with FLT3 ligand.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are readily generated from the culture of mouse bone marrow (BM) treated with either granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L). CD11cMHCII or CD11cMHCII cells are routinely isolated from those BM cultures and generally used as -generated DCs for a variety of experiments and therapies. Here, we examined CD11c cells in the BM culture with GM-CSF or FLT3L by staining with a monoclonal antibody 2A1 that is known to recognize mature or activated DCs.

Altered interictal serum histamine and immunoglobulin E but unchanged tryptase levels in individuals with episodic and chronic migraine.

Background: Serum histamine, immunoglobulin E, and tryptase are markers of allergic diseases. Despite the reported association between migraine and allergic diseases, differences in these marker levels between episodic and chronic migraines remain unelucidated.

Methods: We investigated serum histamine, immunoglobulin E, and tryptase levels in 97 and 96 participants with episodic migraine and chronic migraine, respectively, and 56 controls according to the presence of allergic diseases.

CTCF controls three-dimensional enhancer network underlying the inflammatory response of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.

Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells orchestrating innate and adaptive immunity. The crucial role of transcription factors and histone modifications in the transcriptional regulation of dendritic cells has been extensively studied. However, it is not been well understood whether and how three-dimensional chromatin folding controls gene expression in dendritic cells.

Corrigendum: No change in interictal C-reactive protein levels in individuals with episodic and chronic migraine: A case-control study and literature review.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.

No change in interictal C-reactive protein levels in individuals with episodic and chronic migraine: A case-control study and literature review.

Objectives: The levels of some migraine biomarkers differ between episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM), but information on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in EM and CM is conflicting. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate CRP levels in participants with EM and CM in comparison to those in healthy controls.

Methods: Plasma CRP levels were evaluated by high-sensitivity CRP tests in female participants with EM ( = 174) and CM ( = 191) and healthy controls ( = 50).

Interictal plasma glutamate levels are elevated in individuals with episodic and chronic migraine.

Glutamate is implicated in migraine pathogenesis including central sensitization and pain transmission. Altered plasma glutamate levels has been noted in migraine. Chronic migraine (CM) presented a higher degree of central sensitization and pain transmission than episodic migraine (EM).

PgtE Enzyme of Shares the Similar Biological Roles to Plasminogen Activator (Pla) in Interacting With DEC-205 (CD205), and Enhancing Host Dissemination and Infectivity by .

, the cause of plague, is a newly evolved Gram-negative bacterium. Through the acquisition of the plasminogen activator (Pla), gained the means to rapidly disseminate throughout its mammalian hosts. It was suggested that utilizes Pla to interact with the DEC-205 (CD205) receptor on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to initiate host dissemination and infection.

Interictal plasma endothelin-1 levels do not change in individuals with episodic and chronic migraine.

Background: Individuals with migraine present ictal elevation of endothelin-1 levels. Migraine can be subclassified into episodic migraine and chronic migraine. Apart from the inconsistent reports on interictal endothelin-1 levels, most studies did not distinguish between episodic migraine and chronic migraine.

Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Produces a Splenic Subset of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells That Efficiently Polarize T Helper Type 2 Cells in Response to Blood-Borne Antigen.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen-presenting cells that prime naive T cells and initiate adaptive immunity. Although the genetic deficiency and transgenic overexpression of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling were reported to influence the homeostasis of DCs, the development of DC subsets following injection of GM-CSF has not been analyzed in detail. Among the treatment of mice with different hematopoietic cytokines, only GM-CSF generates a distinct subset of XCR133D1 DCs which make up the majority of DCs in the spleen after three daily injections.

Global Gene Expression of T Cells Is Differentially Regulated by Peritoneal Dendritic Cell Subsets in an IL-2 Dependent Manner.

Dendritic cells (DCs) in peripheral tissues may have a unique role to regulate innate and adaptive immune responses to antigens that enter the tissues. Peritoneal cavity is the body compartment surrounding various tissues and organs and housing diverse immune cells. Here, we investigated the specialized features of classical DC (cDC) subsets following the intraperitoneal injection of a model antigen ovalbumin (OVA).

Loss of the virulence plasmid by promotes its interactions with CD207 and CD209 receptors.

the cause of bacillary dysentery, belongs to Gram-negative enteropathogenic bacteria. contains a 210 kb virulence plasmid that encodes an O-antigen gene cluster of LPSs. However, this virulence plasmid is frequently lost during replication.

Targets Atherosclerosis Plaques in Human Coronary Arteries DC-SIGN (CD209).

Bacterial DNAs are constantly detected in atherosclerotic plaques (APs), suggesting that a combination of chronic infection and inflammation may have roles in AP formation. A series of studies suggested that certain Gram-negative bacteria were able to interact with dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin [DC-SIGN; cluster of differentiation (CD) 209] or langerin (CD207), thereby resulting in deposition of CD209s at infection sites. We wondered if (a member of Proteobacteria family) could interact with APs through CD209/CD207.

Distinct effects of different adjuvants in the mouse model of allergic airway inflammation.

Background: Allergic asthma was typically considered as an inflammatory disease mediated by type 2 immunity. However, recent studies revealed that asthma is a complex disease displaying a variety of phenotypes and endotypes.

Objective: We examined cellular phenotypes in the mouse model of allergic asthma sensitized with different adjuvants.

Lipase-mediated synthesis of ricinoleic acid vanillyl ester and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

Castor oil extracted from castor bean has antibacterial property, and has been used in various folk remedies. The major structural component of castor oil, ricinoleic acid, has actual antibacterial activity. Some phenolic compounds derived from plants have antioxidant property.

Two Distinct Subsets Are Identified from the Peritoneal Myeloid Mononuclear Cells Expressing both CD11c and CD115.

To this date, the criteria to distinguish peritoneal macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are not clear. Here we delineate the subsets of myeloid mononuclear cells in the mouse peritoneal cavity. Considering phenotypical, functional, and ontogenic features, peritoneal myeloid mononuclear cells are divided into 5 subsets: large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs), small peritoneal macrophages (SPMs), DCs, and 2 MHCIICD11cCD115 subpopulations (i.

Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Interacts with CD209 Receptors To Promote Host Dissemination and Infection.

serovar Typhimurium, a Gram-negative bacterium, can cause infectious diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to systemic dissemination and infection. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this bacterial dissemination have yet to be elucidated. A study indicated that using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core as a ligand, Typhimurium was able to bind human dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (hCD209a), an HIV receptor that promotes viral dissemination by hijacking antigen-presenting cells (APCs).

Exploits CD209 Receptors for Promoting Host Dissemination and Infection.

is a Gram-negative enteropathogen and causes gastrointestinal infections. It disseminates from gut to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), spleen, and liver of infected humans and animals. Although the molecular mechanisms for dissemination and infection are unclear, many Gram-negative enteropathogens presumably invade the small intestine via Peyer's patches to initiate dissemination.

Viperin Deficiency Promotes Polarization of Macrophages and Secretion of M1 and M2 Cytokines.

Viperin is a multifunctional protein that was first identified in human primary macrophages treated with interferon-γ and in human fibroblasts infected with human cytomegalovirus. This protein plays a role as an anti-viral protein and a regulator of cell signaling pathways or cellular metabolism when induced in a variety of cells such as fibroblasts, hepatocytes and immune cells including T cells and dendritic cells. However, the role of viperin in macrophages is unknown.

Extended Culture of Bone Marrow with Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Generates Immunosuppressive Cells.

Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) are generated from bone marrow (BM) cells cultured with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for a week. In this study we investigated the effect of duration on the BM culture with GM-CSF. Within several months, the cells in the BM culture gradually expressed homogeneous levels of CD11c and major histocompatibility complex II on surface, and they became unable to stimulate allogeneic naïve T cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR).

Filaria specific antibody response profiling in plasma from anti-retroviral naïve Loa loa microfilaraemic HIV-1 infected people.

Background: In West and Central Africa areas of endemic Loa loa infections overlap with regions of high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections. Because individuals in this region are exposed to filarial parasites from birth, most HIV-1 infected individuals invariably also have a history of filarial parasite infection. Since HIV-1 infection both depletes immune system and maintains it in perpetual inflammation, this can hamper Loa loa filarial parasite mediated immune modulation, leading to enhanced loaisis.