Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor to Optimize Dosing and Timing for CD34 Cell Harvesting.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilizes peripheral blood (PB) progenitor cells from bone marrow (BM) into circulation for PB stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model of filgrastim in healthy subjects to optimize PB CD34 cell collection. Plasma filgrastim concentrations and CD34 cell count data were obtained from a clinical study involving healthy Korean subjects.

Internal structure of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This review aimed to evaluate the internal structure (structural validity, internal consistency, and measurement invariance) of the Patient Health Questionnire-9 (PHQ-9), which is one of the most widely used self-administered instruments for assessing and screening depression.

Methods: The updated COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) methodology for a systematic review of self-reported instruments was used. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from their inception up to February 28, 2023.

Impact of daily neighborhood crime on nightly sleep among adolescents.

Crime impacts both the immediate victims and has indirect effects on the community. This study examined associations between daily neighborhood crime and actigraphy-assessed sleep outcomes using multilevel modeling. Data were from a longitudinal (14-day) study of 288 adolescents (M = 15.

Quantitative Analysis of the Effect of Neuromuscular Blockade on Motor-Evoked Potentials in Patients Undergoing Brain Tumor Removal Surgery: A Prospective, Single-Arm, Open-Label Observational Study.

: We aimed to elucidate the quantitative relationship between the neuromuscular blockade depth and intraoperative motor-evoked potential amplitudes. This prospective, single-arm, open-label, observational study was conducted at a single university hospital in Seoul, Korea, and included 100 adult patients aged ≥19 years undergoing brain tumor removal surgery under general anesthesia. We measured the neuromuscular blockade degree and motor-evoked potential amplitude in the deltoid, abductor pollicis brevis, tibialis anterior, and abductor hallucis muscles until dural opening.

Integrated triboelectric nanogenerator and radiative cooler for all-weather transparent glass surfaces.

Sustainable energies from weather are the most ubiquitous and non-depleted resources. However, existing devices exploiting weather-dependent energies are sensitive to weather conditions and geographical locations, making their universal applicability challenging. Herein, we propose an all-weather sustainable glass surface integrating a triboelectric nanogenerator and radiative cooler, which serves as a sustainable device, harvesting energy from raindrops and saving energy on sunny days.

Erlotinib Treatment in Colorectal Cancer Suppresses Autophagy Based on Mutation.

The gene is mutated in approximately 45% of colorectal cancer patients. There are currently very few targeted treatments or therapies equipped to directly inhibit due to its unusual structural intricacies. Erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor, has previously been demonstrated to reduce cell viability by inducing autophagy in lung cancer cell lines with varying EGFR mutations.

Cigarette smoke impairs the hematopoietic supportive property of mesenchymal stem cells via the production of reactive oxygen species and NLRP3 activation.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play important roles in tissue homeostasis by providing a supportive microenvironmental niche for the hematopoietic system. Cigarette smoking induces systemic abnormalities, including an impeded recovery process after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, the role of cigarette smoking-mediated alterations in MSC niche function have not been investigated.

Ethno-racial differences in anxiety and depression impairment among emerging adults in higher education.

Background: Despite having higher exposure to stressors, many ethno-racial groups report similar or lower prevalence of clinical depression and anxiety compared to their White counterparts, despite experiencing greater psychosocial risk factors for poor mental health outcomes, thus presenting an epidemiological paradox. Ethno-racial differences in impairment, a diagnostic criterion, may in part explain this paradox.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Healthy Minds Study (2020-2021) and using survey-weighted linear mixed effects models, we tested whether there were ethno-racial differences in impairment across multiple ethno-racial groups at various levels of severity for anxiety and depression.

A 70% Ethanol Extract Attenuates RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Activation and HO-Induced Osteoblast Apoptosis In Vitro.

The rapid aging of the population worldwide presents a significant social and economic challenge, particularly due to osteoporotic fractures, primarily resulting from an imbalance between osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. While conventional therapies offer benefits, they also present limitations and a range of adverse effects. This study explores the protective impact of ethanol extract (EN) on osteoporosis by modulating critical pathways in osteoclastogenesis and apoptosis.

Femoral Neck Fractures Treated by Closed Reduction and Internal Fixation with the Double Fluoroscope Technique: A Preliminary Study.

Fractures of the femur require significant radiation exposure during operations using fluoroscopy (C-arm), posing a high risk of radiation exposure to the medical staff and patients. To address this concern, in this study, we investigated the efficacy of using two fluoroscopy machines simultaneously. We categorized 30 patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF) into single and double C-arm groups.

Pyrolysis of biomass harvested from heavy-metal contaminated area: Characteristics of bio-oils and biochars from batch-wise one-stage and continuous two-stage pyrolysis.

This study evaluates pyrolysis products obtained from biomasses (silver grass, pine, and acacia) harvested from heavy-metal-contaminated soil. To do so, we utilized two methods: a batch one-stage pyrolysis, and a continuous two-stage pyrolysis. The study results show that the yields and characteristics of bio-oils and biochars varied depending on the pyrolysis process and the type of biomass.

Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Bepotastine for Determination of Optimal Dosage Regimen in Pediatric Patients with Allergic Rhinitis or Urticaria.

Bepotastine, a second-generation antihistamine for allergic rhinitis and urticaria, is widely used in all age groups but lacks appropriate dosing guidelines for pediatric patients, leading to off-label prescriptions. We conducted this study to propose an optimal dosing regimen for pediatric patients based on population pharmacokinetic (popPK) and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models using data from two previous trials. A popPK model was built using NONMEM software.

Impact of carbamazepine on SMARCA4 (BRG1) expression in colorectal cancer: modulation by KRAS mutation status.

SMARCA4 is a gene traditionally considered a tumor suppressor. Recent research has however found that SMARCA4 likely promotes cancer growth and is a good target for cancer treatment. The drug carbamazepine, an autophagy inducer, was used on colorectal cancer cell lines, HCT1116 and Hke3 (KRAS mutant and wildtype).

Pathophysiology and Treatment of Gout Arthritis; including Gout Arthritis of Hip Joint: A Literature Review.

Gout is triggered by the accumulation of uric acid in the body, leading to hyperuricemia. Genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors can influence this condition. Excessive uric acid buildup results in the formation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, which precipitate in specific areas of the body, including the joints, where they can cause symptoms of gout.

What Does a Model Really Look at?: Extracting Model-Oriented Concepts for Explaining Deep Neural Networks.

Model explainability is one of the crucial ingredients for building trustable AI systems, especially in the applications requiring reliability such as automated driving and diagnosis. Many explainability methods have been studied in the literature. Among many others, this article focuses on a research line that tries to visually explain a pre-trained image classification model such as Convolutional Neural Network by discovering concepts learned by the model, which is so-called the concept-based explanation.

Exploring whether and how Black and White parents talk with their children about race: M(ai)cro race conversations about Black Lives Matter.

Previous research on parent-led race conversations reports robust racial differences in the content of race conversations between Black and white parents. It was unknown, however, whether these racial differences shifted in the months immediately following the summer of 2020 when there was heightened public attention directed toward white parents, specifically, to talk with children about racism. In the present study, we investigated whether and how Black ( = 344) and white ( = 381) parents talked about Black Lives Matter (BLM) with their 8- to 11-year-old children.

Phage-host-immune system dynamics in bacteriophage therapy: basic principles and mathematical models.

Phage therapy is progressively being recognized as a viable alternative to conventional antibiotic treatments, particularly in the context of multi-drug resistant bacterial challenges. However, the intricacies of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PKPD) pertaining to phages remain inadequately elucidated. A salient characteristic of phage PKPD is the inherent ability of phages to undergo replication.

Smart building block with colored radiative cooling devices and quantum dot light emitting diodes.

In this study, we design a smart building block with quantum-dot light-emitting diode (QLED) and colored radiative cooling devices. A smart light-emitting building block is fabricated using a bottom-inverted QLED that emits green light, an insulating layer, and a top radiative cooling structure that emits mid-infrared light. The heat generated during QLED operation is measured and analyzed to investigate the correlation between heat and QLED degradation.

Universality and Multiplication of Gigahertz-Operated Silicon Pumps with Parts Per Million-Level Uncertainty.

The universality of physical phenomena is a pivotal concept underlying quantum standards. In this context, the realization of a quantum current standard using silicon single-electron pumps necessitates the verification of the equivalence across multiple devices. Herein, we experimentally investigate the universality of pumped currents from two different silicon single-electron devices which are placed inside the cryogen-free dilution refrigerator whose temperature (mixing chamber plate) was ∼150 mK under the operation of the pump devices.

An Interpretable Framework for Identifying Cerebral Microbleeds and Alzheimer's Disease Severity using Multimodal Data.

Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are tiny chronic brain haemorrhages that have been recognised as prognostic indicators for a number of acute cerebrovascular disorders, such as stroke, traumatic disorder, and Alzheimer's disease. For early-stage chronic disease diagnosis, it is challenging to automate the detection of CMBs and increase the reliability of prediction outputs. This study developed a system for identifying microbleeds in MRI images and gene expression data and determining the severity of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Vivid Colored Cooling Structure Managing Full Solar Spectrum via Near-Infrared Reflection and Photoluminescence.

Colored radiative cooling (CRC) offers an attractive alternative for surface and space cooling, while preserving the aesthetics of an object. However, there has been no study on the CRC using phosphors in regard to vivid coloration, sophisticated performance investigation, retention of properties, functionality, and structural flexibility all at once. Thus, to manage the entire solar spectrum, a colored cooling structure comprising a near-infrared (NIR)-reflective bottom layer and a top colored layer with a phosphor-embedded polymer matrix is proposed.

Sociodemographic profiles and organ damage accural in the Black Women's Experience Living with Lupus study.

Objective: Black/African American women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experience greater organ damage and at younger ages than white women. The objective of this study was to advance research on SLE inequities by identifying sociodemographic risk profiles associated with organ damage accrual specifically among Black/African American women.

Methods: Latent profile analysis was conducted among 438 Black/African American women with SLE living in Atlanta, GA and enrolled in the Black Women's Experiences Living with Lupus (BeWELL) Study (May 2015 to April 2017).