Parotid fistula: current management.

The most common cause of parotid fistula is trauma. Other causes include operative complications, infection, and malignancy. In the acute phase of ductal injury, primary reconstruction, if possible, is the treatment of choice.

Diagnosis of testicular torsion using Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter.

Thirty-one patients with intrascrotal disease process have been studied with the Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter to determine if testicular torsion can be differentiated from acute epididymitis when clinical characteristics are ambivalent. In all instances of proved torsion there was a loss of blood flow in the involved testes, whereas in acute epididymitis or other epididymal and gonadal diseases blood flow ranged from normal to hyperemic.