Social learning intervention to promote metabolic control in type I diabetes mellitus: pilot experiment results.

Patients with type I, or insulin-dependent, diabetes mellitus (IDDM) must comply with a complex behavioral regimen to control their diabetes. Compliance is often poor in teenage patients who are adversely influenced by peers. During a diabetes summer school, we randomly assigned 21 IDDM patients to one of two groups.

Use of gas liquid chromatography in the clinical diagnosis of anaerobic pleuropulmonary infection.

Evidence of anaerobic infection was sought in 83 patients with pulmonary disease with anaerobic culture and gas liquid chromatography (GLC) of mucopurulent sputum, or pleural fluid where appropriate. Saliva samples from nine healthy controls and 14 patients with cystic fibrosis were examined by the same methods to assess anaerobic content. Clinically significant anaerobic pleuropulmonary infection was not found in our patients with bronchitis, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis and occurred in only some of our patients with empyema and lung abscess.

In vitro activity of temocillin against gram-negative clinical isolates.

120 consecutive clinical isolates of various species of Enterobacteriaceae and 30 consecutive clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae (including 5 which produced beta-lactamase) were assessed for susceptibility to temocillin using a broth microdilution technique and both 'light' (10(3) CFU/ml) and 'heavy' (10(6) CFU/ml) inocula. At the lighter inoculum, 90% of the Enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by temocillin at a concentration of 4 mg/L. 90% of the H.

Sgd 101/75: a sympathomimetic that can be used to identify a new subtype of alpha-adrenoceptor, the alpha 1s-adrenoceptor.

When Sgd 101/75 was compared with clonidine in a number of tests for CNS activity, Sgd 101/75 exhibited little activity in any test. Sgd 101/75 raised BP without affecting HR in several species of anaesthetised animals. The rise in BP was subject to tachyphylaxis, could be antagonised by alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists, and was obtainable in reserpinised animals.

Local area networks and the hospital.

Hospital information systems are characterized by their complexity of individual functions, heterogeneity of functions, and dependence upon integration. A distributed computerized information system is well suited to meeting the needs of hospitals. A local area communications network (LACN) removes a major impediment to the use of distributed systems.

A prototype generalized network technology for hospitals: initial implementation.

A demonstration implementation of a distributed data-processing hospital information system using an intelligent local area communications network (LACN) technology is described. This system is operational at the UCSF Medical Center and integrates four heterogeneous, stand-alone minicomputers. The applications systems are PID/Registration, Outpatient Pharmacy, Clinical Laboratory, and Radiology/Medical Records.

Comparative physiological disposition of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate in several animal species after intravenous and oral administration.

The physiological disposition of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (NSC 224131; PALA), a potent inhibitor of aspartate transcarbamylase, has been studied in mouse, rat, dog, and monkey after administration of [14C]PALA at 120 mg/sq m i.v. or p.

A phase I trial of combination therapy with continuous-infusion PALA and continuous-infusion 5-FU.

Thirty-four patients were treated with N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) at a dose of 850 mg/m2/day x 5 by continuous intravenous infusion (days 1-5) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on an escalating dose schedule of 300-630 mg/m2/day x 5 by continuous intravenous infusion (days 2-6). Dose-limiting oral mucositis occurred at a 5-FU dose of 560 mg/m2/day; other toxicities included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rash, and superficial venous phlebitis. Myelosuppression was rare.

Long-term association of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate with bone.

By means of enzymatic and autoradiographic techniques, it has been demonstrated that, 24 hr after a single dose of the antitumor amino acid N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid (PALA), (400 mg/kg i.p.; 1.

Quantitation of the antitumor agent N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid in human plasma and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring.

N-(Phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid (PALA) is an antitumor agent which is currently under clinical study. A gas chromatography--mass spectrometry--selected ion monitoring assay procedure using [13C]PALA as the internal standard has been developed for the quantitation of PALA in biological samples. Standard curves which related ion intensity peak height ratios (m/e 220/221) to PALA concentrations in plasma and urine were described by a non-linear least square analysis with correlation coefficients of R2 greater than 0.

A biotype of Enterobacteriaceae intermediate between Citrobacter and Enterobacter.

The authors isolated two strains of an unnamed bacterial biotype with characteristics intermediate between those of Enterobacter and Citrobacter. The organisms did not produce acetyl-methyl carbinol, but decarboxylated lysine. Apart from the latter trait, they most closely resemble H2S-negative Citrobacter freundii.

Dichloroallyl lawsone.

Dichloroallyl lawsone (DCL, NSC-126771), a synthetic analogue of the antimalarial lapachol, is potentially useful in cancer chemotherapy. Unlike most anticancer agents, DCL is not significantly myelosuppressive in animals but it induces acute cardiac toxicity in the rhesus monkey. This cardiac toxicity seems to be correlated with the maximal plasma DCL concentration, about 130 mg/L in the monkey.

Characterization of the metabolites of ellipticine in rat bile.

The two major metabolites of ellipticine (NSC 71795) were isolated from rat bile by a combination of solvent extraction, partition column chromatography, and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Purification and structural elucidation of the bile products were aided by administration of the drug with a dual label (14C and 2H). The two metabolites were shown to be the sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of 9-hydroxyellipticine by chemical, enzymatic, and mass-spectral fragmentation comparison with synthetic and enzymatically prepared reference compounds.

Comparative physiological disposition of ellipticine in several animal species after intravenous administration.

The physiological dispositon of ellipticine (NSC 71795) has been studied in the mouse, rat, dog and monkey after administration of [1-14C]ellipticine at 6 mg/kg iv (3 mg/kg to monkey). Ellipticine was very rapidly distributed from the blood of all species and was deposited in tissues. The rate of elimination of ellipticine from blood was species-dependent, half-times ranging from 22 min in mouse to 210 min in rat, and probably reflected the rate of metabolism of the drug.

Comparative physiologic dispositions of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-fluorouracil in mice bearing solid L1210 lymphocytic leukemia.

The physiologic disposition of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUdR) and its metabolites, in particular the postulated active metabolite, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (FdUMP), has been studied in BDF1 mice bearing 6-day solid L1210 lymphocytic leukemia between 2 and 72 hours after a single iv dose of 14C-2-FUdR at 380 or 760 mg/kg (400-1300 microcuries/kg). FUdR itself was rapidly eliminated from tissues by urinary excretion and metabolism. However, its metabolites, including 5-fluorouracil (FU), persisted for 72 hours in the acid-soluble and -insoluble fractions of tissues.

Sepsis in a CPAP system.

Bacterial contamination of a continuous positive airway pressure system has been investigated and found to be virtually confined to the adjustable valve 'at the mouth'. Organisms isolated from this site are probably derived from those in the sputum. The practical implications of these findings are outlined.