Testing the Proteus Effect in Autistic and Neurotypical Participants.

This study examined the Proteus effect in autistic and neurotypical participants via the video game, The Sims. Thirty-two participants (16 autistic, 16 neurotypical) participated in a free-play session of The Sims, playing as either an attractive or unattractive avatar. In line with predictions, participants who had played as the attractive avatar negotiated for a significantly larger share of a fictional pot of money during a post-play economic game.

Corrigendum to "Genetic Variants of Are Major Determinants of Kidney Failure in People of African Ancestry With HIV" [ Volume 7, Issue 4, April 2022, Pages 786-796].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.

Gambling harms, stigmatisation and discrimination: A qualitative naturalistic forum analysis.

People who experience gambling harms commonly experience stigmatisation, which is detrimental to psychological wellbeing, and a significant barrier to help-seeking. While there have been efforts to challenge stigmatisation, there is little empirical evidence available to inform such initiatives. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a thematic analysis of naturalistic data in the form of posts made on online support forums by people with experience of gambling-related harm, in order to understand how they are stigmatised, and to identify barriers to help-seeking.

Evaluation of wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in a prison population: a mixed-methods approach.

Background: Prisons are high-risk settings for the transmission of communicable disease. Robust surveillance systems are required to identify and control outbreaks. Wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 was introduced in four prisons in Wales in March 2022.

Clinical staff attitudes towards opt-out consent for blood-borne virus screening in emergency departments in England.

Objective: Opt-out screening for blood-borne viruses (BBVs) in emergency departments (EDs) has been established in areas with a high prevalence of HIV diagnoses in England. This multi-site study explored the attitudes of healthcare workers (HCWs) towards BBV screening in EDs post-implementation.

Design: This was a cross-sectional electronic survey of HCWs.

Amino acid-sulphur decomposition in agricultural soil profile along a long-term recultivation chronosequence.

The significance of sulphur (S) availability for crop yield and quality is highlighted under the global S deficiency scenario. However, little is known about the temporal trend in belowground organic S mineralisation when restoring land to productive agricultural systems, particularly for the deeper soil parts. Therefore, we investigated the decomposition of S-labelled methionine in surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface soil (30-60 cm and 60-90 cm) over a 48-year recultivation chronosequence (sampled after1, 8, 14, 24 and 48 years).

Use of wastewater from passenger ships to assess the movement of COVID-19 and other pathogenic viruses across maritime international boundaries.

Objective: The worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic has been driven by international travel. This has led to the desire to develop surveillance approaches which can estimate the rate of import of pathogenic organisms across international borders. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of wastewater-based approaches for the surveillance of viral pathogens on commercial short-haul (3.

Earthworms alleviate microplastics stress on soil microbial and protist communities.

Microplastic (MP) pollution can exert significant pressure on soil ecosystems, however, the interactive effects of MPs on soil bacterial, fungal and protist communities remains poorly understood. Soil macrofauna, such as earthworms, can be directly affected by MPs, potentially leading to a range of feedbacks on the soil microbial community. To address this, we conducted a microcosm experiment to examine the effects of conventional (i.

Distinct biophysical and chemical mechanisms governing sucrose mineralization and soil organic carbon priming in biochar amended soils: evidence from 10 years of field studies.

Unlabelled: While many studies have examined the role of biochar in carbon (C) accrual in short-term scale, few have explored the decadal scale influences of biochar on non-biochar C, e.g., native soil organic C (SOC) and added substrate.

A scoping review investigating the perspectives of people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities on experiences of cyberbullying victimisation and its subtypes.

This scoping review examines cyberbullying victimisation in people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities, focusing on specific types of cyberbullying behaviours, such as flaming, harassment, and stalking. A five-stage review of empirical research was conducted using 15 electronic databases, covering publications from October 1969 to January 2024. Twelve studies were selected, reporting cyberbullying victimisation rates ranging from 5% to 64%.

Separating NO production and consumption in intact agricultural soil cores at different moisture contents and depths.

Agricultural soils are a major source of the potent greenhouse gas and ozone depleting substance, NO. To implement management practices that minimize microbial NO production and maximize its consumption (i.e.

Co-benefits for net carbon emissions and rice yields through improved management of organic nitrogen and water.

Returning organic nutrient sources (for example, straw and manure) to rice fields is inevitable for coupling crop-livestock production. However, an accurate estimate of net carbon (C) emissions and strategies to mitigate the abundant methane (CH) emission from rice fields supplied with organic sources remain unclear. Here, using machine learning and a global dataset, we scaled the field findings up to worldwide rice fields to reconcile rice yields and net C emissions.

A systematic review of research on staff training as an intervention to develop communication in children and adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.

Introduction: This paper aims to identify to what extent staff training interventions are successful in enhancing the development of communication skills in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.

Methods: A systematic review was undertaken, conforming to PRISMA guidelines. English language, peer reviewed, empirical studies of staff training interventions to enhance the communication of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities were included.

Reliability and Variability of Ki-67 Digital Image Analysis Methods for Clinical Diagnostics in Breast Cancer.

Ki-67 is a nuclear protein associated with proliferation, and a strong potential biomarker in breast cancer, but is not routinely measured in current clinical management owing to a lack of standardization. Digital image analysis (DIA) is a promising technology that could allow high-throughput analysis and standardization. There is a dearth of data on the clinical reliability as well as intra- and interalgorithmic variability of different DIA methods.

The predictive role of symptoms in COVID-19 diagnostic models: A longitudinal insight.

To investigate the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, their dynamics and their discriminatory power for the disease using longitudinally, prospectively collected information reported at the time of their occurrence. We have analysed data from a large phase 3 clinical UK COVID-19 vaccine trial. The alpha variant was the predominant strain.

Effects of field-aging on the impact of biochar on herbicide fate and microbial community structure in the soil environment.

Biochar can enhance organic carbon storage and mitigate the adverse effects of pesticides in the soil. However, the mechanisms by which field-aging affects the impacts of biochar on herbicide behavior and the composition of microbial communities in the soil remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influences of aged and fresh biochar on herbicide behavior and microbial community structure in the soil.

Postoperative Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Patients With and Without Preoperative Colonization.

Importance: Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infections (SSIs) and bloodstream infections (BSIs) are important complications of surgical procedures for which prevention remains suboptimal. Contemporary data on the incidence of and etiologic factors for these infections are needed to support the development of improved preventive strategies.

Objectives: To assess the occurrence of postoperative S aureus SSIs and BSIs and quantify its association with patient-related and contextual factors.

Sediment recontamination potential and biological impacts of hydrophobic organics from stormwater in a mixed-use watershed.

This study focused on understanding the influence of stormwater on sediment recontamination and biota bioaccumulation. Stormwater and sediment sampling was conducted at Paleta Creek San Diego, CA, a mixed-use urban watershed. Stormwater samples were size fractioned into clay, silt, sand, and filtered fractions to better understand the association of PAHs and PCBs with different particle sizes.

Photocatalytic fixation of NO in soils.

Nitrogen oxides (NO = NO + NO) are important atmospheric pollutants that are directly harmful to human health. Recently in urban and industrial areas, synthetic materials have been developed and deployed to photocatalytically oxidize NO to nitrate (NO) in order to improve air quality. We show that the natural presence of small amounts (≤5%) of titanium oxides, such as anatase and rutile, can also drive NO oxidation to nitrate in soils under UV-visible irradiation.

Hepmarc: A 96 week randomised controlled feasibility trial of add-on maraviroc in people with HIV and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Objectives: Maraviroc may reduce hepatic inflammation in people with HIV and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (HIV-NAFLD) through CCR5-receptor antagonism, which warrants further exploration.

Methods: We performed an open-label 96-week randomised-controlled feasibility trial of maraviroc plus optimised background therapy (OBT) versus OBT alone, in a 1:1 ratio, for people with virologically-suppressed HIV-1 and NAFLD without cirrhosis. Dosing followed recommendations for HIV therapy in the Summary of Product Characteristics for maraviroc.