Escaping the benthos with Coral Reef Arks: effects on coral translocation and fish biomass.

Anthropogenic stressors like overfishing, land based runoff, and increasing temperatures cause the degradation of coral reefs, leading to the loss of corals and other calcifiers, increases in competitive fleshy algae, and increases in microbial pathogen abundance and hypoxia. To test the hypothesis that corals would be healthier by moving them off the benthos, a common garden experiment was conducted in which corals were translocated to midwater geodesic spheres (hereafter called Coral Reef Arks or Arks). Coral fragments translocated to the Arks survived significantly longer than equivalent coral fragments translocated to Control sites (.

Impact of C-reactive Protein on Anticoagulation Monitoring in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of inflammation on anticoagulation monitoring for patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Design: Prospective single-center cohort study.

Setting: University-affiliated tertiary care academic medical center.

Effects of CO in fungi.

Carbon dioxide supplies carbon for photosynthetic species and is a major product of respiration for all life forms. Inside the human body where CO is a by-product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, its level reaches 5% or higher. In the ambient atmosphere, ∼.

Aspartyl peptidase May1 induces host inflammatory response by altering cell wall composition in the fungal pathogen .

Unlabelled: causes cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, a disease that kills more than 180,000 people annually. Contributing to its success as a fungal pathogen is its cell wall surrounded by a capsule. When the cryptococcal cell wall is compromised, exposed pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs) could trigger host recognition and initiate attack against this fungus.

Cryptococcus neoformans adapts to the host environment through TOR-mediated remodeling of phospholipid asymmetry.

Cryptococcus spp. are environmental fungi that first must adapt to the host environment before they can cause life-threatening meningitis in immunocompromised patients. Host CO concentrations are 100-fold higher than the external environment and strains unable to grow at host CO concentrations are not pathogenic.

Dropper method for cytology slide staining: An effective and sustainable approach to eliminating cross contamination.

Cytopathology laboratories must ensure effective measures to prevent cross-contamination during slide staining. As such, slides with high potential for cross-contamination are usually stained separately, by dipping slides into a series of Romanowsky-type stains, with periodic (usually weekly) filtering and replacement of stains used. Our 5-year experience and a validation study of an alternative dropper method is presented.

Molecular Dissection of Crz1 and Its Dynamic Subcellular Localization in .

Across lower eukaryotes, the transcription factor Crz1 is dephosphorylated by calcineurin, which facilitates Crz1 translocation to the nucleus to regulate gene expression. In the fungal pathogen , calcineurin-Crz1 signaling maintains calcium homeostasis, thermotolerance, cell wall integrity, and morphogenesis. How Crz1 distinguishes different stressors and differentially regulates cellular responses is poorly understood.

Coral Reef Arks: An In Situ Mesocosm and Toolkit for Assembling Reef Communities.

Coral reefs thrive and provide maximal ecosystem services when they support a multi-level trophic structure and grow in favorable water quality conditions that include high light levels, rapid water flow, and low nutrient levels. Poor water quality and other anthropogenic stressors have caused coral mortality in recent decades, leading to trophic downgrading and the loss of biological complexity on many reefs. Solutions to reverse the causes of trophic downgrading remain elusive, in part because efforts to restore reefs are often attempted in the same diminished conditions that caused coral mortality in the first place.

The RAM signaling pathway links morphology, thermotolerance, and CO tolerance in the global fungal pathogen .

The environmental pathogen claims over 180,000 lives each year. Survival of this basidiomycete at host CO concentrations has only recently been considered an important virulence trait. Through screening gene knockout libraries constructed in a CO-tolerant clinical strain, we found mutations leading to CO sensitivity are enriched in pathways activated by heat stress, including calcineurin, Ras1-Cdc24, cell wall integrity, and egulator of ce2 and orphogenesis (RAM).

Response rates to questionnaire-based studies in the contemporary dental literature: A systematic review.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to investigate what is a reasonable response rate for dental questionnaire-based studies in recent literature and to assess the factors that affect the response rates.

Methods: We used MEDLINE/PubMed to search the dental literature of 2021 (January-October). Two reviewers independently assessed studies eligibility and extracted data using standardized electronic extraction form.

Long-Term Monitoring of an In Situ Activated Carbon Treatment to Reduce Polychlorinated Biphenyl Availability in an Active Harbor.

Activated carbon-based amendments have been demonstrated as a means of sequestering sediment-associated organic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In a 2012 effort, an activated carbon amendment was placed at a 0.5-acre amendment area adjacent to and underneath Pier 7 at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility, Bremerton, Washington, USA to reduce PCB availability.

Mutation based approaches to the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer.

Objective: The treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) has continued to rapidly evolve over time. Increased utilization of novel, personalized therapies based upon the tumour's somatic mutation status has recently been integrated. The aim of this case series is to describe a series of patients that underwent rapid genomic testing upon their diagnosis of ATC, allowing for the early integration of novel therapies.

BAZ1B the Protean Protein.

The bromodomain adjacent to the zinc finger domain 1B (BAZ1B) or Williams syndrome transcription factor (WSTF) are just two of the names referring the same protein that is encoded by the gene and is among the 26-28 genes that are lost from one copy of 7q11.23 in Williams syndrome (WS: OMIM 194050). Patients afflicted by this contiguous gene deletion disorder present with a range of symptoms including cardiovascular complications, developmental defects as well as a characteristic cognitive and behavioral profile.

CRISPR mediated targeting of DUX4 distal regulatory element represses DUX4 target genes dysregulated in Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a debilitating muscle disease that currently does not have an effective cure or therapy. The abnormal reactivation of DUX4, an embryonic gene that is epigenetically silenced in somatic tissues, is causal to FSHD. Disease-specific reactivation of DUX4 has two common characteristics, the presence of a non-canonical polyadenylation sequence within exon 3 of DUX4 that stabilizes pathogenic transcripts, and the loss of repressive chromatin modifications at D4Z4, the macrosatellite repeat which encodes DUX4.

Deletion of the XIST promoter from the human inactive X chromosome compromises polycomb heterochromatin maintenance.

Silencing most gene expression from all but one X chromosome in female mammals provides a means to overcome X-linked gene expression imbalances with males. Central to establishing gene silencing on the inactivated X chromosome are the actions of the long non-coding RNA XIST that triggers the repackaging of the chosen X into facultative heterochromatin. While understanding the mechanisms through which XIST expression is regulated and mediates its affects has been a major focus of research since its discovery, less is known about the role XIST plays in maintaining chromatin at the human inactive X chromosome (Xi).

Factors associated with dental fluorosis among Malaysian children exposed to different fluoride concentrations in the public water supply.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of dental fluorosis, and factors associated with its occurrence in two cohorts of children exposed to different fluoride concentrations in the Malaysian water supply.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among lifelong residents (n = 1,155) aged 9 and 12 years old living in fluoridated and nonfluoridated areas. Malaysian children aged 12 years were born when the level of fluoride in the public water supply was 0.

Tracking and Assessing Oil Spill Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms: A Novel Approach.

An in situ exposure and effects bioassay system was developed for assessing the toxicity of oil spills to aquatic organisms. The assessment tool combines components of 2 previously developed systems, the sediment ecotoxicity assessment ring (SEA Ring) and the drifting particle simulator. The integrated drifting exposure and effects assessment ring (DEEAR) is comprised of a Global Positioning System (GPS) float, a drifter drogue, the SEA Ring, and the Cyclops-7 fluorescent sensor.

On the History and Applications of Congenic Strains in Research.

Congenic strains have been utilized in numerous model organisms to determine the genetic underpinning of various phenotypic traits. Congenic strains are usually derived after 10 backcrosses to a recipient parent, at which point they are 99.95% genetically identical to the parental strain.

The RNA Replication Site of Tula Orthohantavirus Resides within a Remodelled Golgi Network.

The family within the order comprises tri-segmented negative sense RNA viruses, many of which are rodent-borne emerging pathogens associated with fatal human disease. In contrast, hantavirus infection of corresponding rodent hosts results in inapparent or latent infections, which can be recapitulated in cultured cells that become persistently infected. In this study, we used Tula virus (TULV) to investigate the location of hantavirus replication during early, peak and persistent phases of infection, over a 30-day time course.

The impact of stopping or reducing the level of fluoride in public water supplies on dental fluorosis: a systematic review.

Objective: The increased availability of fluoride and concern over the impact of fluorosis, have led to guidance suggesting a decrease or cease in the optimal concentration of fluoride in water fluoridation schemes. To date there have been no systematic reviews looking at both impact of fluoride reduction and total cessation. This review aimed to examine the impact of stopping or reducing the level of fluoride in public water supplies on dental fluorosis.

The FiCTION trial: Child oral health-related quality of life and dental anxiety across three treatment strategies for managing caries in young children.

Objectives: The FiCTION trial compared co-primary outcomes (dental pain and/or infection) and secondary outcomes (child oral health-related quality of life [COHRQOL], child dental anxiety, cost-effectiveness, caries development/progression and acceptability) across three treatment strategies (Conventional with Prevention [C + P]; Biological with Prevention [B + P]; Prevention Alone [PA]) for managing caries in children in primary care. COHRQOL and child dental anxiety experiences are reported upon here.

Methods: A multi-centre, 3-arm, parallel-group, unblinded patient-randomized controlled trial of 3- to 7-year-olds treated under NHS contracts was conducted in 72 general dental practices in England, Wales and Scotland.

Best-practice prevention alone or with conventional or biological caries management for 3- to 7-year-olds: the FiCTION three-arm RCT.

Background: Historically, lack of evidence for effective management of decay in primary teeth has caused uncertainty, but there is emerging evidence to support alternative strategies to conventional fillings, which are minimally invasive and prevention orientated.

Objectives: The objectives were (1) to assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of three strategies for managing caries in primary teeth and (2) to assess quality of life, dental anxiety, the acceptability and experiences of children, parents and dental professionals, and caries development and/or progression.

Design: This was a multicentre, three-arm parallel-group, participant-randomised controlled trial.

Health food blogger: friend or foe?

Objectives The Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) have recently updated nutritional guidelines for a reduced sugar intake. With the increased popularity of online health-food bloggers and 'refined-sugar free' recipes, this review looked to analyse recipes from popular online bloggers to validate the veracity of their 'sugar-free' and 'healthy' claims and assess their adherence to recently implemented nutritional guidelines.Method Four bloggers were randomly selected from the Amazon top 10 booklist and their online blogs were consulted for a selection of recipes which were then nutritionally analysed in relation to their sugar and fat content.

Characterization of chromatin at structurally abnormal inactive X chromosomes reveals potential evidence of a rare hybrid active and inactive isodicentric X chromosome.

X chromosome structural abnormalities are relatively common in Turner syndrome patients, in particular X isochromosomes. Reports over the last five decades examining asynchronous DNA replication between the normal X and isochromosome have clearly established that the structurally abnormal chromosome is the inactive X chromosome (Xi). Here the organization of chromatin at a deleted X chromosome, an Xq isochromosome, and two isodicentric chromosomes were examined.