Effect of digital health, biomarker feedback and nurse or midwife-led counselling interventions to assist pregnant smokers quit: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess the effect of digital health (DH), biomarker feedback (BF) and nurse or midwife-led counselling (NoMC) interventions on abstinence in pregnant smokers during pregnancy and postpartum.

Settings: Any healthcare setting servicing pregnant women, including any country globally.

Participants: Pregnant women of any social, ethnic or geographical background who smoke.