Subchronic exposure to 1,2-naphthoquinone induces adipose tissue inflammation and changes the energy homeostasis of mice, partially due to TNFR1 and TLR4.

Air pollution affects energy homeostasis detrimentally. Yet, knowledge of how each isolated pollutant can impact energy metabolism remains incomplete. The present study was designed to investigate the distinct effects of 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) on energy metabolism since this pollutant increases at the same rate as diesel combustion.

Aging reduces ABHD5 protein content in the adipose tissue of mice: The reversal effect of exercise.

Dysfunction of the adipose tissue metabolism is considered as a significant hallmark of aging. It has been proposed that α-β hydrolase domain containing 5 (ABHD5) plays a critical role in the control of lipolysis. However, the role of ABHD5 in the control of lipolysis during aging or exercise is unknown.

Strength training alters the tissue fatty acids profile and slightly improves the thermogenic pathway in the adipose tissue of obese mice.

Obesity is a disease characterized by the exacerbated increase of adipose tissue. A possible way to decrease the harmful effects of excessive adipose tissue is to increase the thermogenesis process, to the greater energy expenditure generated by the increase in heat in the body. In adipose tissue, the thermogenesis process is the result of an increase in mitochondrial work, having as substrate H ions, and which is related to the increased activity of UCP1.

Short-term combined training reduces hepatic steatosis and improves hepatic insulin signaling.

Hepatic steatosis is directly associated with hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance, which is correlated with hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aerobic and strength training have been pointed out as efficient strategies against hepatic steatosis. However, little is known about the effects of the combination of those two protocols on hepatic steatosis.

The protective roles of clusterin in ocular diseases caused by obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2.

Obesity is a chronic, non-transmissible and multifactorial disease commonly associated with systemic inflammation and damage to health. This disorder has been pointed out as leading to the development of a diversity of eye diseases and, consequently, damage to visual acuity. More specifically, cardiometabolic risk is associated with lacrimal gland dysfunctions, since it changes the inflammatory profile favoring the development and worsening of dry eye disease.

High-intensity exercise training induces mitonuclear imbalance and activates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response in the skeletal muscle of aged mice.

The impairment of mitochondrial metabolism is a hallmark of aging. Mitonuclear imbalance and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) are two conserved mitochondrial mechanisms that play critical roles in ensuring mitochondrial proteostasis and function. Here, we combined bioinformatics, physiological, and molecular analyses to examine the role of mitonuclear imbalance and UPRmt in the skeletal muscle of aged rodents and humans.

Aerobic Exercise Training Induces the Mitonuclear Imbalance and UPRmt in the Skeletal Muscle of Aged Mice.

The impairment of the mitochondrial functions is a hallmark of aging. During aging, there is a downregulation of two mechanisms strictly associated with mitochondrial integrity, including the mitonuclear imbalance (eg, imbalance in mitochondrial- versus nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins) and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Here, we evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise in the mitonuclear imbalance and UPRmt markers in the skeletal muscle of old mice.

Rock protein as cardiac hypertrophy modulator in obesity and physical exercise.

Obesity and cardiovascular diseases are worldwide public health issues. In this review, we discussed the participation of ROCK protein in cardiac hypertrophy, mainly through the modulation of leptin and insulin signaling pathways. Leptin plays a role in cardiovascular disease development and, through the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), promotes cardiac hypertrophy.

Short-term strength training reduces gluconeogenesis and NAFLD in obese mice.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a positive correlation with obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The aerobic training is an important tool in combating NAFLD. However, no studies have demonstrated the molecular effects of short-term strength training on the accumulation of hepatic fat in obese mice.

The reversal effect of physical exercise on aging-related increases in APPL2 content in skeletal muscle.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aging on intracellular adiponectin signaling and the possible therapeutic effect of physical exercise.

Main Methods: Fischer 344 rats were distributed in the following groups: Young (3 months old); Sedentary Old (Old, 27 months old); and Old Exercised (Old-Exe, 27 months old), which were subjected to a short-term exercise training protocol.

Key Findings: The results showed that the old rats presented glucose intolerance without increased adiposity.

Protective molecular mechanisms of clusterin against apoptosis in cardiomyocytes.

Loss of cardiomyocytes occurs with aging and contributes to cardiovascular complications. In the present study, we highlighted the role of clusterin, a protein that has recently been associated with the protection of cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. Clusterin protects cardiac cells against damage from myocardial infarction, transplant, or myocarditis.

Heart rate variability and plasma biomarkers in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Effect of a bout of aerobic exercise.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate: (1) the cardiovascular parameters and plasma biomarkers in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) at baseline; and (2) the heart rate variability (HRV) and blood glucose in response to a session of aerobic exercise (AE) and during recovery period.

Research Design And Methods: Adults (18-35 years) were divided into two groups: control (CT, n=10) and T1DM (n=9). Anthropometric, cardiovascular, and biochemical parameters, and aerobic capacity (indirect peak oxygen uptake, VO2peak) were evaluated at baseline.

The presence of the NOS3 gene polymorphism for intron 4 mitigates the beneficial effects of exercise training on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in adults.

The number of studies that have evaluated exercise training (ET) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)3 gene polymorphisms is scarce. The present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between exercise training and NOS3 polymorphisms at -786T>C, 894G>T, and intron 4b/a on blood pressure (BP) using 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), nitrate/nitrite levels (NOx), and redox state. Eighty-six volunteers (51 ± 0.