Mutation Spectrum Analysis of BRCA1/2 Genes for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer in the Indian Population.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and spectrum of genetic mutations linked to inherited breast and ovary cancer (HBOC) in the Indian population, and to evaluate the correlation of BRCA mutation types, frequency, and incidence with age, gender, and personal and family history.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of 500 Indian HBOC patients, meeting NCCN criteria who underwent BRCA1/2 testing from 2017 to 2023 were shortlisted for this study. The anonymized data was retrieved from medical records.

Why Do Patients Opt for the Emergency Department over Other Care Choices? A Multi-Hospital Analysis.

Introduction: There are several options for receiving acute care besides emergency departments (ED), such as primary care physician (PCP) offices, urgent care centers (UCC), and telehealth services. It is unknown whether these alternative modes of care have decreased the number of ED visits for patients or whether they are considered before visiting the ED. A comprehensive study considering all potential methods of care is needed to address the evolving landscape of healthcare.

Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Emergency Medical Services Administration of Opioid Pain Medications for Injured Children.

Background: Treatment with analgesics for injured children is often not provided or delayed during prehospital transport.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate racial and ethnic disparities with the use of opioids during transport of injured children.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study of injured children transported to 1 of 10 emergency departments from July 2019 to April 2020.

The burden of risk factors for non-communicable disease in rural Bihar, India: a comparative study with national health surveys.

Background: The incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing in rural India. The National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) provides estimates of the burden of NCDs and their risk factors in women aged 15-49 and men aged 15-54 years. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and body-mass index (BMI) in adults aged 35-70 years in rural India and to compare these estimates, where age ranges overlap, to routinely available data.

Precipitous delivery complicated by uterine artery laceration and uterine rupture in an unscarred uterus: A case report.

Precipitous delivery is associated with rapid cervical dilation and fetal descent. Complications of precipitous delivery can include vascular trauma, uterine rupture, and uterine artery laceration. Uterine artery laceration is a rare complication that can lead to significant postpartum hemorrhage and injury.

Pharmaceutical Cocrystals of Famotidine: Structural and Biopharmaceutical Evaluation.

Famotidine (FMT) an anti-ulcer drug, recently being repurposed in COVID-19 treatment, suffers from poor aqueous solubility and restricted bioavailability (<40%). To conquer the limitations endured by this potent anti-ulcer agent, two novel 1:1 cocrystals of FMT, namely Famotidine-Sorbic Acid (FSOR) and Famotidine-Syringic Acid (FSY), were synthesized using the liquid-assisted grinding method and evaluated. Distinct DSC thermograms and PXRD patterns advocate the existence of a new crystalline form.

Combined immunotherapy with controlled interleukin-12 gene therapy and immune checkpoint blockade in recurrent glioblastoma: An open-label, multi-institutional phase I trial.

Background: Veledimex (VDX)-regulatable interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene therapy in recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) was reported to show tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells, encouraging survival, but also up-regulation of immune checkpoint signaling, providing the rationale for a combination trial with immune checkpoint inhibition.

Methods: An open-label, multi-institutional, dose-escalation phase I trial in rGBM subjects (NCT03636477) accrued 21 subjects in 3 dose-escalating cohorts: (1) neoadjuvant then ongoing nivolumab (1mg/kg) and VDX (10 mg) (n = 3); (2) neoadjuvant then ongoing nivolumab (3 mg/kg) and VDX (10 mg) (n = 3); and (3) neoadjuvant then ongoing nivolumab (3 mg/kg) and VDX (20 mg) (n = 15). Nivolumab was administered 7 (±3) days before resection of the rGBM followed by peritumoral injection of IL-12 gene therapy.

Impact of Prehospital Pain Management on Emergency Department Management of Injured Children.

Objective: Provision of analgesia for injured children is challenging for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) clinicians. Little is known about the effect of prehospital analgesia on emergency department (ED) care. We aimed to determine the impact of prehospital pain interventions on initial ED pain scale scores, timing and dosing of ED analgesia for injured patients transported by EMS.

National Survey to Describe the Current Patterns of Procedural Sedation Practices Among Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practitioners in the United States.

Objective: Pediatric procedural sedation (PPS) is used to maintain children's safety, comfort, and cooperation during emergency department procedures. Our objective was to gather data describing PPS practice across the United States to highlight the variations in practice and adherence to National Guidelines.

Methods: We performed a nationwide survey of PPS practitioners using a secure web-based software program.

Case of Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy in the Uterosacral Ligament and Review of the Literature.

Pregnancies that implant on the uterosacral ligament are rare. Here, we describe a case of ruptured ectopic pregnancy in the left uterosacral ligament in a patient with potential risk factors including possible endometriosis and recent hysteroscopic procedure. A 29-year-old female, para 0, presented to the emergency department with generalized abdominal pain.

Microstructure Evolution, Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of an Additively Manufactured Maraging Steel.

In this work, the microstructure and mechanical properties of an additively manufactured X3NiCoMoTi18-9-5 maraging steel were determined. Optical and electron microscopies revealed the formation of melt pool boundaries and epitaxial grain growth with cellular dendritic structures after the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. The cooling rate is estimated to be around 10 °C/s during solidification, which eliminates the nucleation of any precipitates.

Daidzein cocrystals: An opportunity to improve its biopharmaceutical parameters.

The present study involves the contribution of cocrystallization towards the modification of the biopharmaceutical parameters of poorly watersoluble plant-originated isoflavone, daidzein (DAID). The cocrystals were prepared with GRAS status coformers i.e.

Increased free prostate specific antigen serum levels in Alzheimer's disease, correlation with Cognitive Decline.

Background/aims: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is regulated by steroid hormones, such as testosterone, the serum levels of which are altered in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).This pilot study compared serum levels of the free (f) PSA between AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and control subjects, and evaluated the relationship between fPSA serum levels and cognitive assessment tests and neuroimaging data. In addition, in a subgroup of AD patients, we correlated fPSA serum levels with the existing data on serum levels of amyloid-beta (Aβ), and iron-related proteins, including hepcidin and ferritin.

Cervical cancer screening by molecular Pap-transformation of gynecologic cytology.

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the common cancers in women accounting for 7.9% of all cancers. In India it is the second commonest cancer in women.

Fingolimod anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects modulation of RAGE axis in multiple sclerosis patients.

Background: We investigated Fingolimod treatment effects on the RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts) axis in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The primary outcome of the study was whether Fingolimod treatment increases serum levels of the soluble RAGE isoforms, sRAGE and esRAGE - both being considered putative endogenous inhibitors of RAGE signaling. Additional variables were serum levels of RAGE ligands, the high mobility group box (HMGB)1 and pentosidine.

Human papillomavirus in head and neck cancer in India: Current status and consensus recommendations.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) associated head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCC) have become increasingly common in the West, but the same cannot be said about India. These cancers have a different biology and confer a better prognosis, however, its current role in the management of patients in India is not clearly defined. At the 35 Indian Cooperative Oncology Network conference held in September 2016, a panel of radiation, surgical and medical oncologists, pathologists, and basic scientists from across the country having experience in clinical research with respect to HPV in HNSCC reviewed the available literature from India.

Is Failure of Cocrystallization Actually a Failure? Eutectic Formation in Cocrystal Screening of Hesperetin.

Cocrystal screening of hesperetin with certain countermolecules generated highly soluble noncovalent derivatives in the form of eutectics, instead of expected cocrystals. As adhesive forces established by complimentary functional groups on hesperetin and coformers were unable to overcome the stress due to size shape mismatch of component molecules, thus, eutectics were formed. Hesperetin, a polyphenolic antioxidant with potent anticancer and cardioprotective effects, has an underdeveloped role in modern therapeutics on account of its critically low aqueous solubility resulting in stunted bioavailability.

Dietary Soy Isoflavone: A Mechanistic Insight.

Soy, a major component of the diet for centuries contains the largest concentration of isoflavones, a class of phytoestrogens. A variety of health benefits are associated with the consumption of soy primarily because of the isoflavones genistein, daidzein, and glycitein with a potential protective effect against a number of chronic diseases. Owing to the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties allied with isoflavonoids and their use in functional foods, there is a growing interest in these compounds.

Chrysin cocrystals: Characterization and evaluation.

Solvent free mechanochemical approach is utilized to synthesise new cocrystals of chrysin using supramolecular chemistry based upon reliable synthons. Chrysin, a flavone nutraceutical with wide range of beneficial effects has critically low bioavailability on account of its poor aqueous solubility and consequently poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. The present study focuses on this critical aspect and has exploited non covalent interactions to prepare its cocrystals with cytosine and thiamine hydrochloride.

Rapporteur summaries of plenary, symposia, and oral sessions from the XXIIIrd World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics Meeting in Toronto, Canada, 16-20 October 2015.

The XXIIIrd World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics meeting, sponsored by the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, was held in Toronto, ON, Canada, on 16-20 October 2015. Approximately 700 participants attended to discuss the latest state-of-the-art findings in this rapidly advancing and evolving field. The following report was written by trainee travel awardees.

Unusual ganglioglioma with extensive calcification and ossification.

Ganglioglioma is a slow-growing relatively low-grade mixed glioneuronal tumor with most cases corresponding to the WHO Grade I category. It frequently presents with seizures. The temporal lobe is the most common location followed by frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes.

Nanotherapy silencing the interleukin-8 gene produces regression of prostate cancer by inhibition of angiogenesis.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a pro-angiogenic cytokine associated with aggressive prostate cancer (CaP). We detected high levels of IL-8 in sera from patients with CaP compared with healthy controls and patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. This study examines the role of IL-8 in the pathogenesis of metastatic prostate cancer.