A review of the pharmacology and clinical applications of levetiracetam in dogs and cats.

Objective: To review and summarize the pharmacology of the antiepileptic drug (AED), levetiracetam (LEV), and to discuss its clinical utility in dogs and cats.

Data Sources: Veterinary and human peer-reviewed medical literature and the authors' clinical experience.

Summary: LEV is an AED with mechanisms of action distinct from those of other AEDs.

Feline ischemic myelopathy and encephalopathy secondary to hyaline arteriopathy in five cats.

Five cats presented with acute-onset neurological signs. Magnetic resonance imaging in four cats showed a T2-weighted hyperintense spinal cord lesion that was mildly contrast-enhancing in three cats. Owing to inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid changes three cats were treated with immunosuppression.

Traumatic brain injury: a review of pathophysiology and management.

Objective: To review current information regarding the pathophysiology associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to outline appropriate patient assessment, diagnostic, and therapeutic options.

Etiology: TBI in veterinary patients can occur subsequent to trauma induced by motor vehicle accidents, falls, and crush injuries. Primary brain injury occurs at the time of initial impact as a result of direct mechanical damage.