Optimization of stimulated rotational Raman scattering over vibrational scattering in a hydrogen-filled fiber.

We present the first, to the best of our knowledge, investigation of the gain competition between rotational and vibrational stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in the transient regime for a hydrogen (H)-filled antiresonant fiber (ARF) with the aim of generating multispectral emission composed of only rotational SRS. We show numerically and experimentally that purely rotational emission requires optimization of ARF length and spectral transmission, pump power and polarization, and H pressure. In this work, the H-filled ARF is pumped by 40 kW, 7 ns pulses at λ = 1.

Increases in c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase and p38 activity in monocyte-derived macrophages following the uptake of Legionella pneumophila.

Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, infects and replicates within a variety of eukaryotic cells. The purpose of the current study was to examine host cell signaling events immediately following uptake and early in the endocytic process (less than 1 h) following the phagocytosis of L. pneumophila.