Eight weeks of daily cottonseed oil intake attenuates postprandial angiopoietin-like proteins 3 and 4 responses compared to olive oil in adults with hypercholesterolemia: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) -3, -4, and -8 are regulators of lipid metabolism and have been shown to respond to changes in dietary fats. It is unknown how ANGPTLs respond to cottonseed oil (CSO) and olive oil (OO) consumption in a population with hypercholesterolemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of CSO vs.

A 4-Week Pecan-Enriched Diet Improves Postprandial Lipid Peroxidation in Aging Adults.

Pecans are rich in bioactive compounds known to reduce oxidative stress and provide glucoregulatory benefits. Few studies assessing the effect of a pecan-enriched diet on such health outcomes suggest potential improvements to cardiometabolic health; however, this has not been studied in an older adult population. Thus, we aimed to examine the effect of daily pecan consumption for 4-weeks on fasting and postmeal antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and markers of glycemia in healthy aging adults.

No Observed Difference in Inflammatory and Coagulation Markers Following Diets Rich in n-6 Polyunsaturated Fat vs Monounsaturated Fat in Adults With Untreated Hypercholesterolemia: A Randomized Trial.

Background: Inflammatory and prothrombotic responses are hallmark to the progression of cardiovascular disease and may be influenced by the type of dietary fat. Cottonseed oil (CSO) is rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fats and improves traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors such as cholesterol profiles. However, some clinicians are still hesitant to promote n-6 polyunsaturated fats consumption despite growing evidence suggesting they may not be independently pro-inflammatory.

A pecan-enriched diet reduced postprandial appetite intensity and enhanced peptide YY secretion: A randomized control trial.

Background & Aims: Tree nuts have been shown to have satiating qualities; however, little is known concerning the effect of pecans on measures of appetite. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a pecan-enriched diet on subjective, physiological, and direct measures of appetite in older adults.

Methods: This was a randomized, controlled trial in which healthy older adults (50-75 y) were randomized to either consume 68 g of pecans/day (pecan; n = 21) or avoid all nuts (control; n = 23) for 4 weeks.

Linoleic acid-induced ANGPTL4 inhibits C2C12 skeletal muscle differentiation by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin.

Skeletal muscle differentiation is an essential process in embryonic development as well as regeneration and repair throughout the lifespan. It is well-known that dietary fat intake impacts biological and physiological function in skeletal muscle, however, understanding of the contribution of nutritional factors in skeletal muscle differentiation is limited. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of free fatty acids (FFAs) on skeletal muscle differentiation in vitro.

Pecan-enriched diet improves cholesterol profiles and enhances postprandial microvascular reactivity in older adults.

Pecan-enriched diets have been linked to improved lipid metabolism; however, the impact of pecans on vascular health has yet to be examined. We hypothesized that 4 weeks of a pecan-enriched diet would improve fasting and postprandial blood lipids and vascular function compared with a nut-free diet. In this randomized control study, 44 older adults (59 ± 6 years) consumed 68 g of pecans/d (pecan; n = 21) or avoided all nuts (control; n = 23) for 4 weeks.

A cottonseed oil-enriched diet improves liver and plasma lipid levels in a male mouse model of fatty liver.

A high-fat (HF) diet causes fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia, and cottonseed oil (CSO) has been shown to improve liver and plasma lipids in human and mouse models. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of CSO vs. olive oil (OO)-enriched diets on lipid levels in a HF-diet model of fatty liver disease.

Hunger and satiety responses to diets enriched with cottonseed oil vs. olive oil.

Studies suggest that the type of dietary fat consumed habitually may modulate appetite and further influence weight management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an 8-week diet intervention enriched with either cottonseed oil (CSO; polyunsaturated fat-rich) or olive oil (OO; monounsaturated fat-rich) on appetite responses in adults with high cholesterol. This was a parallel design, randomized partial outpatient feeding trial designed to provide approximately 60% of participants daily energy needs with ∼30% of energy needs as CSO (n = 21, BMI 27.

A Review of free fatty acid-induced cell signaling, angiopoietin-like protein 4, and skeletal muscle differentiation.

Postnatal skeletal muscle differentiation from quiescent satellite cells is a highly regulated process, although our understanding of the contribution of nutritional factors in myogenesis is limited. Free fatty acids (FFAs) are known to cause detrimental effects to differentiated skeletal muscle cells by increasing oxidative stress which leads to muscle wasting and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. In addition, FFAs are thought to act as inhibitors of skeletal muscle differentiation.

Metabolic responses to 8 weeks of consuming cottonseed oil versus olive oil in adults with dyslipidaemia: a randomised trial.

Background: Differences in metabolic responses between diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) could affect energy balance and weight maintenance. The present study was a secondary analysis to investigate 8-week diet interventions rich in either PUFA (cottonseed oil [CSO]) or MUFA (olive oil [OO]) on metabolic responses in adults with dyslipidaemia.

Methods: Forty-one adults with dyslipidaemia completed this randomised trial consisting of an 8-week partial-outpatient feeding trial.

Angiopoietin-Like Protein Responses to Pecan-Enriched Diets Versus a Nut-Excluded Diet.

Daily pecan consumption improves fasting and postprandial triglycerides, but its effect on angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of daily pecan consumption for 8 weeks on fasting and postprandial ANGPTL3, -8, and -4. This was an 8-week, randomized, controlled trial with three treatments: two pecan groups and a nut-free control group ( = 16).

Blood Lipid Responses to Diets Enriched with Cottonseed Oil Compared With Olive Oil in Adults with High Cholesterol in a Randomized Trial.

Background: Increasing unsaturated fat intake is beneficial for cardiovascular health, but the type of unsaturated fat to recommend remains equivocal.

Objectives: We investigated the effects of an 8-week diet intervention that was rich in either cottonseed oil (CSO; PUFA rich) or olive oil (OO; MUFA rich) on blood lipids in hypercholesterolemic adults.

Methods: Forty-three men and women with hypercholesterolemia (53 ± 10 years; BMI, 27.

Changes in body weight in response to pecan-enriched diets with and without substitution instructions: a randomised, controlled trial.

Substantial evidence suggests that regular tree nut consumption does not lead to changes in body weight (BW). However, these studies used a variety of dietary substitution instructions which may confound the interpretation of prior BW outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of daily pecan consumption, with or without isocaloric substitution instructions, on BW and composition.

Appetite responses to pecan-enriched diets.

Research suggests that tree nuts improve satiety during an acute meal, but the effects of daily consumption are less clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of daily pecan consumption on markers of appetite in adults at-risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This was an 8-week, randomized, controlled trial with three treatments: two pecan groups and a nut-free control group (n = 16).

Pecan-enriched diets increase energy expenditure and fat oxidation in adults at-risk for cardiovascular disease in a randomised, controlled trial.

Background: Research indicates that diets enriched with unsaturated fatty acids improve energy metabolism, although studies on tree nuts, which are a rich source of those fats, are limited. The present study aimed to examine the impact of daily pecan consumption for 8 weeks on energy metabolism in adults with hypercholesterolaemia or at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) (body mass index ≥ 28 kg m ).

Methods: For this randomised, controlled trial, 56 sedentary adults were randomised into one of three treatments for an 8-week intervention: two pecan groups and a nut-free control group (n = 18).

Pecan-enriched diets decrease postprandial lipid peroxidation and increase total antioxidant capacity in adults at-risk for cardiovascular disease.

Pecans are a rich source of antioxidants, but the effect of regular consumption on post-meal responses is unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of daily pecan consumption for 8 weeks on fasting and postprandial lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and tocopherols in adults at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) (hypercholesterolemia or elevated adiposity). We hypothesized that daily pecan consumption would result in increased fasting γ-tocopherol, increased fasting and postprandial TAC, and decreased fasting and postprandial lipid peroxidation.

Pecan-Enriched Diets Alter Cholesterol Profiles and Triglycerides in Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in a Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Background: Research indicates that tree nuts are cardioprotective, but studies on pecans are limited.

Objectives: We examined the impact of daily pecan consumption on blood lipids and glycemia in adults at-risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: This was a randomized, controlled trial where 56 adults (BMI ≥28 kg/m2 or hypercholesterolemia) were randomly allocated into a control group (n = 18) or 1 of 2 pecan groups.

Acute consumption of pecans decreases angiopoietin-like protein-3 in healthy males: a secondary analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTL)-3 and -4 regulate lipid metabolism, but the effect of tree nuts of varying fatty acid composition on post-meal responses is unknown. The purpose of the study was to conduct a secondary analysis of two studies on ANGPTL3 and -4 responses to meals containing different tree nuts. We hypothesized that the pecan-containing meal would mitigate postprandial rises in ANGPTL3 compared to the traditional meal without nuts in males, but not females.

Design and Nutrient Analysis of a Carotenoid-Rich Food Product to Address Vitamin A and Protein Deficiency.

Worldwide undernutrition affects over 820 million individuals and is the underlying cause of over 50% of all childhood deaths. Sweet potatoes have been promoted to address vitamin A (vitA) deficiency, with a single, orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) providing enough vitA, as β-carotene, to meet daily needs. However, the bioavailability of β-carotene is dependent on the presence of dietary fat, which is not provided by OFSP, and it lacks some essential amino acids.

Influence of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) on permeation through intestinal monolayer and mucus model in vitro.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as a novel ingredient in foods and pharmaceuticals still lacks the safety and functionality information. We aimed to assess the absorption of CNC in small intestine and the effect on cell viability. In the second part, the impact of CNC on substance permeation through mucus layer, including the potential functionality in improving high blood cholesterol, was tested.

Free Fatty Acid-Induced Peptide YY Expression Is Dependent on TG Synthesis Rate and Xbp1 Splicing.

Gut-derived satiety hormones provide negative feedback to suppress food intake and maintain metabolic function in peripheral tissues. Despite the wealth of knowledge of the systemic effects of these hormones, very little is known concerning the mechanisms by which nutrients, such as dietary fats, can promote the expression of genes involved in L-cell hormone production. We have tested the role of various dietary fats and found that after hydrolysis into free fatty acids (FFA's), there is a differential response in the extent to which they induce PYY gene and protein production.

Interleukin-13 drives metabolic conditioning of muscle to endurance exercise.

Repeated bouts of exercise condition muscle mitochondria to meet increased energy demand-an adaptive response associated with improved metabolic fitness. We found that the type 2 cytokine interleukin-13 (IL-13) is induced in exercising muscle, where it orchestrates metabolic reprogramming that preserves glycogen in favor of fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration. Exercise training-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis, running endurance, and beneficial glycemic effects were lost in mice.

Angiopoietin-1 protects 3T3-L1 preadipocytes from saturated fatty acid-induced cell death.

Cross talk between endothelial cells and adipocytes is vital to adipocyte functions, but little is known about the mechanisms or factors controlling the process. Angiogenesis is a critical component linking the endothelium to healthy adipogenesis, yet it is not known if or how it is involved in adipocyte physiology. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and -2 (Ang-2) as well as their receptor, Tie-2, on adipocyte physiology.

Sensory Analysis of a Processed Food Intended for Vitamin A Supplementation.

Provitamin A and pre-formed vitamin A compounds are essential micronutrients for humans. However, vitamin A deficiency (VAD) affects the health status of nearly 50% of populations in Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa and is especially pronounced in preschool children and pregnant women. The objective of this research was to determine an acceptable flavor/ingredient combination to produce a palatable food product that incorporates sweet potatoes, peanut paste, and chickpeas.

Acute consumption of Black walnuts increases fullness and decreases lipid peroxidation in humans.

Walnuts are a nutrient dense food, but most health research is on English walnuts (EW). Black walnuts (BW) contain a different antioxidant and fatty acid profile, and more protein, compared to EW. The purpose of the study was to compare postprandial responses following the consumption of 3 breakfast meals containing either butter (control), BW, or EW.