Publications by authors named "Chad Crigger"

Background: Cloacal exstrophy (CE) remains one of the most severe birth defects compatible with life with a constellation of anomalies involving the bladder, genitalia, hindgut, and spinal cord. Pelvic osteotomy and immobilization have been utilized to facilitate bladder closure, yet their role as adjuncts remains a topic of debate. The authors sought to evaluate the outcomes of CE closure without the use of osteotomy or lower extremity (LE)/pelvic immobilization.

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Objectives: To determine if the administration of standardized opioid disposal instructions with focused parental education improves proper disposal of leftover opioid medication among families of children undergoing ambulatory urologic surgery compared to routine postoperative instructions.

Methods: A prospective, double-blinded, single-center randomized controlled trial was conducted in children 6-18 years undergoing ambulatory urology procedures between October 2021 and April 2023. Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive either the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) opioid disposal best practices worksheet plus nursing parental education or routine postoperative instructions alone.

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Objective: To determine the rate of stone formation amongst patients of the exstrophy-epispadias complex with augmentation cystoplasty. We hypothesize that bowel segment choice influences the rate of stone formation after bladder augmentation and the rate of complications from bladder stone surgery.

Methods: An IRB-approved institutional database of 1512 exstrophy-epispadias patients was reviewed retrospectively.

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Objective: To identify risk factors for stenosis and compare management strategies for stenosis etiology and to examine the efficacy of each approach. Patients with classic bladder exstrophy (CBE), a rare genitourinary malformation, may require construction of a continent urinary stoma (CUS) if incontinence persists. Stomal stenosis is a challenging complication as it is common, progressive, and recurrent.

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Introduction: Classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) is a malformation of the genitourinary system that occurs due to failure of abdominal wall closure. Unlike other malformations of similar incidence, prenatal diagnosis of CBE relies on suggested, rather than formal, diagnostic criteria.

Objective: This report describes prenatal diagnosis of CBE in the largest single-institutional cohort to date and delineates key sonographic findings and protocols for specialist referral.

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Purpose: This study examines the readability of online medical information regarding cloacal exstrophy (CE). We hypothesize that inappropriate levels of comprehension are required in these resources, leading to poor understanding and confusion amongst caregivers.

Methods: The Google and Bing search engines were used to search the terms "cloacal exstrophy" and "cloacal exstrophy treatment".

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Background: The exstrophy-epispadias complex is a spectrum of ventral wall malformations including classic bladder exstrophy and cloacal exstrophy (CE). Patients undergo multiple soft-tissue procedures to achieve urinary continence. If unsuccessful bladder neck closure (BNC) is performed, muscle flaps may be used to reinforce BNC or afterward for fistula reconstruction.

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Purpose: Appropriate perioperative management is crucial in patients undergoing classic bladder exstrophy closure (CBE). Therefore, the authors sought to review their intra and postoperative management of patients with CBE undergoing primary closure and examine the impact of this pathway on patient outcomes.

Method: A prospectively maintained institutional approved exstrophy-epispadias complex database was reviewed for patients with CBE who had undergone primary closure between 2016 and 2022 and whose closure was performed within one year of age.

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Objective: To evaluate trends in opioid prescribing rates following pediatric urologic surgery.

Methods: We queried the TriNetX Research database for patients under age 18 who underwent one of seven common pediatric urology procedures. We identified the proportion of patients that received an oral opioid prescription within 5days of surgery.

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Purpose: We sought to determine if the addition of liposomal bupivacaine to bupivacaine hydrochloride improves opioid-free rate and postoperative pain scores among children undergoing ambulatory urologic surgery.

Materials And Methods: A prospective, phase 3, single-blinded, single-center randomized trial with superiority design was conducted in children 6 to 18 years undergoing ambulatory urologic procedures between October 2021 and April 2023. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive dorsal penile nerve block (penile procedures) or incisional infiltration with spermatic cord block (inguinal/scrotal procedures) with weight-based liposomal bupivacaine plus bupivacaine hydrochloride or bupivacaine hydrochloride alone.

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Introduction: Cloacal exstrophy (CE) is the most severe malformation of the exstrophy-epispadias complex. This study aims to discuss long-term sequela in a single major institution with a high volume of CE patients.

Materials And Methods: A prospectively maintained database of 1490 patients on the exstrophy epispadias spectrum (145 cloacal exstrophy) from 1974 to 2023.

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Purpose: Staged pelvic osteotomy has been shown in the past to be an effective tool in the closure of the extreme pubic diastasis of cloacal exstrophy. The authors sought to compare orthopedic complications between non-staged pelvic osteotomies and staged pelvic osteotomies in cloacal exstrophy.

Methods: A prospectively maintained exstrophy-epispadias complex database of 1510 patients was reviewed for cloacal exstrophy bladder closure events performed with osteotomy at the authors' institution.

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Objective: To assess the risk of persistent opioid use following various urologic procedures in adolescents and young adults.

Materials And Methods: The TriNetX LLC Diamond Network was queried for patients aged 13-21years who underwent pyeloplasty, hypospadias repair, inguinal hernia repair, inguinal orchiopexy, hydrocelectomy, or circumcision. Cohorts of patients prescribed and not prescribed postoperative opioids were created and propensity-matched for age, race/ethnicity, psychiatric diagnoses, and preoperative pain diagnoses.

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Objective: To review the outcomes of classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) closure without the use of osteotomy or lower extremity/pelvic immobilization.

Methods: A prospectively maintained institutional approved exstrophy-epispadias complex database of 1487 patients was reviewed for patients with CBE who had undergone closure without osteotomy nor immobilization. All patients were referred to the authors' institution for reconstruction later in life or for failed closure.

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Background: Cloacal exstrophy (CE) is rare and challenging to reconstruct. In the majority of CE patients voided continence cannot be achieved and so patients often undergo bladder neck closure (BNC). Prior mucosal violations (MVs), a surgical event when the bladder mucosa was opened or closed, significantly predicted failed BNC in classic bladder exstrophy with an increased likelihood of failure after 3 or more MVs.

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Introduction: A single institutional study characterizes the rate of prenatal diagnosis of cloacal exstrophy (CE) and examines its role on successful primary closures.

Materials And Methods: An institutional database of 1485 exstrophy-epispadias patients was reviewed retrospectively for CE patients with confirmed presence/absence of prenatal diagnostics, primary exstrophy closure since 2000, institution of closure, and at least 1 year of follow up following closure.

Results: The cohort included 56 domestic patients and 9 international patients.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study focuses on bladder neck closure (BNC) for patients with classic bladder exstrophy, aiming to identify factors that predict BNC failure, particularly due to urinary fistula formation.
  • Researchers hypothesize that a higher number of surgical operations involving the bladder’s urothelium contributes to the risk of developing fistulas post-surgery.
  • Analysis of data from 192 patients revealed that those with wider pubic diastasis, unsuccessful prior surgeries, or three or more previous mucosal violations have a significantly higher likelihood of BNC failure.
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Introduction: Bladder exstrophy (BE), cloacal exstrophy (CE), and epispadias (E) are variants of the exstrophy-epispadias complex (EEC). These children require opioids and benzodiazepines to achieve pain management and immobilization for a lifetime of surgeries. It is hypothesized that these children would be sensitized to opiates and benzodiazepines as adults.

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