Elecsys Cerebrospinal Fluid Immunoassays Accurately Detect Alzheimer's Disease Regardless of Concomitant Small Vessel Disease.

Background: Differentiating dementia due to small vessel disease (SVD) from dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) with concomitant SVD is challenging in clinical practice. Accurate and early diagnosis of AD is critical to delivering stratified patient care.

Objective: We characterized the results of Elecsys® cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoassays (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd) in patients with early AD, diagnosed using core clinical criteria, with varying extent of SVD.

Leptin in Human Milk and Child Body Mass Index: Results of the Ulm Birth Cohort Studies.

The objective of the study was to investigate the potential association of human milk leptin concentrations with child body mass index (BMI) and BMI trajectory patterns up to two years of age among children in the Ulm SPATZ Health Study. Leptin concentration was measured in skimmed human milk by ELISA (R&D System). Child BMI was determined at two to three days, three to four weeks, four to five months, one year, and two years of age.

Determinants of leptin in human breast milk: results of the Ulm SPATZ Health Study.

Background: Leptin in human breast milk has been implicated as a potential regulator of early-life metabolic programming. We comprehensively investigated the influence of maternal body mass index (BMI) and non-adiposity associated determinants on breast milk leptin concentration at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year postpartum.

Methods: The Ulm SPATZ Health Study consists of 1006 newborns and their mothers recruited from the general population in the University Medical Center Ulm, Southern Germany, in 2012/2013.

Soluble CD14 concentration in human breast milk and its potential role in child atopic dermatitis: Results of the Ulm Birth Cohort Studies.

Background: Soluble CD14 (sCD14) is one of many factors in human breast milk which may influence programming of the immune response in the breastfed child. Although previous studies have mostly found little association between sCD14 concentration in breast milk and atopic outcomes, recent evidence continues to support a role of sCD14 in immune-related disease.

Objective: We aimed to clarify whether an association exists between sCD14 concentration in human breast milk (m-sCD14) and child atopic dermatitis (AD) diagnosis by age 3 years within the context of two large birth cohorts.

Association of maternal uric acid and cystatin C serum concentrations with maternal and neonatal cardiovascular risk markers and neonatal body composition: The Ulm SPATZ Health Study.

Purpose: In utero exposure to cardiometabolic risk factors may determine health related outcomes at birth and in later life. The aim of this analysis was to describe the relationship of maternal serum uric acid (SUA) and cystatin C with maternal and neonatal cardiometabolic risk markers and with birth weight and risk of small-for-gestational age (SGA) as well as large-for gestational age (LGA).

Material And Methods: In the Ulm SPATZ Health Study, 934 singleton newborns and their mothers were recruited during their hospital stay in the University Medical Center Ulm between 04/2012 and 05/2013 (overall response 49%).

Fetal growth and incidence of atopic dermatitis in early childhood: Results of the Ulm SPATZ Health Study.

Fetal growth may be a precursory factor in observed association between birthweight and atopic dermatitis (AD), however, recent studies utilizing fetal ultrasound-based data have reported contradictory results. This study aims to clarify previous findings through comprehensive investigation of association between several trimester-specific ultrasound-based anthropometric measures with AD diagnosis by age 3 years. Measurements of 386 newborns in the Ulm SPATZ Health Study were converted into adjusted z-scores categorized as "low" (≤1 SD below mean), "normal," or "high" (≥1 SD above mean).

Gestational Weight Gain and Fetal-Maternal Adiponectin, Leptin, and CRP: results of two birth cohorts studies.

Gestational weight gain (GWG) is an important modifiable factor known to influence fetal outcomes including birth weight and adiposity. Unlike behaviors such as smoking and alcohol consumption, the effect of GWG throughout pregnancy on fetal development and other outcomes has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of GWG with endocrine factors such as adiponectin, leptin, and C-reactive protein which may be associated with inflammatory response, fetal growth, and adiposity later in life.

Postpartum Smoking Relapse and Breast Feeding: Defining the Window of Opportunity for Intervention.

Background: Though many women spontaneously quit smoking during pregnancy, a large proportion relapse after delivery. Efforts aimed at reducing postpartum smoking relapse have been largely ineffective. Several studies have reported breast feeding as a primary factor influencing smoking abstinence duration.

Delivery Mode, Duration of Labor, and Cord Blood Adiponectin, Leptin, and C-Reactive Protein: Results of the Population-Based Ulm Birth Cohort Studies.

Background: Numerous studies have reported associations between delivery mode and health outcomes in infancy and later life. Previous smaller studies indicated a relationship between delivery mode and newborn inflammation potentially constituting a mediating factor. We aimed to determine the influence of delivery mode and duration of labor on cord blood concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).

Methods, quality control and specimen management in an international multicentre investigation of type 1 diabetes: TEDDY.

Background: The vast array and quantity of longitudinal samples collected in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study present a series of challenges in terms of quality control procedures and data validity. To address this, pilot studies have been conducted to standardize and enhance both biospecimen collection and sample obtainment in terms of autoantibody collection, stool sample preservation, RNA, biomarker stability, metabolic biomarkers and T-cell viability.

Research Design And Methods: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young is a multicentre, international prospective study (n = 8677) designed to identify environmental triggers of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in genetically at-risk children from ages 3 months until 15 years.