Online randomised factorial trial of electronic Screening and Brief Intervention for alcohol use in pregnancy: a study protocol.

Introduction: Approximately 1 in 7 pregnant women in the USA report past-month alcohol use. Strong evidence connects prenatal alcohol exposure with a range of adverse perinatal outcomes, including the spectrum of conditions known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Screening and Brief Intervention (SBI) has been recommended for pregnant women but has proven difficult to implement.

Minimally Invasive Ovarian-Preserving Approach for the Management of a Sclerosing Stromal Tumor in an Adolescent: A Case Report.

Background: Sclerosing stromal tumors (SSTs) are rare benign ovarian tumors that occur in adolescents and young adults. They are often treated with unilateral salpingo-oopherectomy due to concern for malignancy.

Case: A 13-year-old postpubertal female presented with sharp, constant abdominal pain with physical exam concerning for a lower abdominal mass.

Pelvic Examinations in the Adolescent and Young Adult Population: A Commentary on Why and When.

Various professional organizations have weighed in on the practice utility of speculum examinations. The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and American College of Physicians (ACP) have recommended against internal pelvic examinations in asymptomatic patients, whereas the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) has encouraged shared decision making. Although a pelvic examination can be a stressful event for adolescents, studies have shown that early discussions and performing the examination in a trusting environment can mitigate the worries and improve the patient-provider relationship.

How We Do It: Creation of a Workforce Development-Focused Track at a Surgical Hackathon.

Objective: Healthcare hackathons are fast-paced, mentored events that bring together individuals with diverse skillsets to identify clinical needs and propose solutions. Traditionally geared toward device development and workflow optimization, platforms that address women and minorities in surgery are rare. We aimed to expand the traditional healthcare hackathon model to include a novel workforce development (WD) track to address concerns faced by surgeons and trainees.

Cross-Sectional Associations of Neighborhood Perception, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Time in Community-Dwelling, Socioeconomically Diverse Adults.

Little is known about the role of perceived neighborhood environment as a determinant of physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) in understanding obesity-related health behaviors. We focus on a biracial, socioeconomically diverse population using objectively measured ST, which is under-represented in the literature. We examined the association between self-reported neighborhood perception (Likert-scale questions), PA using the Baecke questionnaire, and both non-sedentary time and ST using accelerometry from wave 4 of the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study ( = 2,167).

Screens in the back: Medical student perspective on curriculum engagement.

Medical students in the United States are engaging less with formal classroom curricula. This shift in decreased attendance and participation is largely driven by an incentive structure in medical education focused on standardized test scores, research and letters of recommendation. In this essay, the authors describe the student experience of a preclinical lecture, struggling to balance learning about a patient with Alcohol Use Disorder with the demands of extracurricular expectations.

Clustering of Health Behaviors and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among U.S. Adolescents.

Purpose: Decreased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, little is known how the interaction of diet, physical activity (PA), and sedentary time (ST) affects CRF among adolescents. By using a nationally representative sample of U.

Examining relationships between perceptions and objective assessments of neighborhood environment and sedentary time: Data from the Washington, D.C. Cardiovascular Health and Needs Assessment.

Sedentary time (ST) and neighborhood environment (NE) are predictors of cardiovascular (CV) health. However, little is known about ST's relationship with NE. We examined associations of perceived and objective NE with ST in the predominantly African American faith-based population of the Washington, D.

Simulating the Impact of Crime on African American Women's Physical Activity and Obesity.

Objective: The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of crime on physical activity location accessibility, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and obesity among African American women.

Methods: An agent-based model was developed in 2016 to represent resource-limited Washington, DC, communities and their populations to simulate the impact of crime on LTPA and obesity among African American women under different circumstances.

Results: Data analysis conducted between 2016 and 2017 found that in the baseline scenario, African American women had a 25% probability of exercising.

Optimizing Scoring and Sampling Methods for Assessing Built Neighborhood Environment Quality in Residential Areas.

Optimization of existing measurement tools is necessary to explore links between aspects of the neighborhood built environment and health behaviors or outcomes. We evaluate a scoring method for virtual neighborhood audits utilizing the Active Neighborhood Checklist (the Checklist), a neighborhood audit measure, and assess street segment representativeness in low-income neighborhoods. Eighty-two home neighborhoods of Washington, D.

A Quantitative Analysis of Growth and Size Regulation in Manduca sexta: The Physiological Basis of Variation in Size and Age at Metamorphosis.

Body size and development time are important life history traits because they are often highly correlated with fitness. Although the developmental mechanisms that control growth have been well studied, the mechanisms that control how a species-characteristic body size is achieved remain poorly understood. In insects adult body size is determined by the number of larval molts, the size increment at each molt, and the mechanism that determines during which instar larval growth will stop.