Malignant Phyllodes of Breast.

Phyllodes tumors of breast (PTB) have been known to an uncommon and particular disease to handle owing to diagnostic ambiguity and unpredictable clinical outcome. Malignant phyllodes tumors (MPT) are diagnosed when there are marked stromal hypercellularity, atypia, increased mitoses of ≥10/10 HPFs, permeative tumor borders, and stromal overgrowth. The presence of a malignant heterologous element (MHE) places the tumor into the malignant category regardless of other histological features.

Isoflavone intake on the risk of overall breast cancer and molecular subtypes in women at high risk for hereditary breast cancer.

Purpose: We investigated the association between isoflavone (ISF) intake and hereditary breast cancer (BC) risk, particularly by molecular subtype, in East-Asian BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and non-carriers at a high risk of hereditary breast cancer (i.e., family history of BC (FHBC) and early-onset BC [EOBC, age < 40 years]).

Effect of short message service as a reminder on breast self-examination in breast cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial.

This study was a single-blind randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of SMS as a reminder for breast self-examination (BSE). Participants who underwent surgery for breast cancer were recruited and randomized to the intervention group or the control group. Subjects in the intervention group received one text message on the first day of every month that reminded them to complete monthly BSE and the other text message on the fifteenth day of every month that contained information about breast cancer.

Reappraisal of conventional risk stratification for local recurrence based on clinical outcomes in 285 resected phyllodes tumors of the breast.

Purpose: To ensure a surgical margin of ≥1 cm for the effective treatment of phyllodes tumors of the breast (PTB) a second resection has been recommended, but the outcomes of an extensive series of cases employing the aforementioned criterion cast doubt on this clinical approach. The aim of this study was to identify the local recurrence (LR) risk factors of PTB and determine future optimal surgical treatment according to verified risks.

Methods: All cases given a diagnosis of PTB, and resected between 1989 and 2008, were retrospectively evaluated.

A multi-institutional study of the prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 large genomic rearrangements in familial breast cancer patients.

Background: Large genomic rearrangements (LGRs) in the BRCA1/2 genes are frequently observed in breast cancer patients who are negative for BRCA1/2 small mutations. Here, we examined 221 familial breast cancer patients from 37 hospitals to estimate the contribution of LGRs, in a nationwide context, to the development of breast cancer.

Methods: Direct sequencing or mutation scanning followed by direct sequencing was performed to screen small mutations.

A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of the postoperative analgesic effects of spraying 0.25 % levobupivacaine after bilateral axillo-breast approach robotic thyroidectomy.

Background: Robotic thyroidectomy (RoT) is frequently performed due to its excellent cosmesis and recovery features. However, postoperative pain in the operating field after RoT remains a concern due to extensive tissue dissection and tension during the operation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anterior chest pain and the effect of levobupivacaine spraying on postoperative pain control after bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) RoT.

Expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and infiltration of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells are associated with aggressive features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

Background: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is overexpressed in many different types of tumor and is associated with activation of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and downregulation of cytotoxic cellular immunity in the tumor microenvironment. It has been suggested that IDO inhibitors can be utilized as an effective therapeutic agent against human cancers. However, the expression of IDO and its association with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) remain unclear in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).

Thyroid "atypia of undetermined significance" with nuclear atypia has high rates of malignancy and BRAF mutation.

Background: "Atypia of undetermined significance" (AUS) in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology is a heterogeneous category for cases that cannot be easily classified into benign, suspicious, or malignant. This study evaluated whether cytomorphology-based subcategorization could better predict the malignancy risk in cases designated as AUS, and how the subcategories correlated with BRAF mutation status in thyroid fine-needle aspirates (FNA).

Methods: Of 3589 cases of thyroid FNA diagnosed at the authors' institution in Seongnam, Korea, from January 2010 to December 2011, 331 cases of AUS were reviewed and subcategorized based on cytomorphological features, including nuclear atypia (NA), microfollicle formation (MF), Hürthle cell change (HC), and others (O).

Comparison of quality of life based on surgical technique in patients with breast cancer.

Objective: More than 80% of women with breast cancer survive for more than 5 years; quality of life is an important issue in these patients. The aim of this study was to assess differences in quality of life among patients who have undergone breast-conserving surgery, total mastectomy and immediate reconstruction after total mastectomy.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during follow-up visits.

Prospective randomized controlled trial on the use of flexible reinforced laryngeal mask airway (LMA) during total thyroidectomy: effects on postoperative laryngopharyngeal symptoms.

Background: Sore throat, hoarseness, dysphagia, and cough are common laryngopharyngeal discomforts after thyroidectomy. The incidence and severity of laryngopharyngeal symptoms after the use of a flexible reinforced laryngeal mask airway (LMA) were compared with those that occur after the use of a plain endotracheal tube in patients after thyroidectomy.

Methods: Seventy-six patients scheduled for total thyroidectomy were randomized into a plain endotracheal tube group (group E) or a flexible reinforced LMA group (group L).

Leptin as a potential target for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

Purpose: Leptin is a potent adipokine that plays a significant role in tumor development and the progression of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether leptin affects the response to tamoxifen treatment in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells.

Methods: Leptin, leptin receptor (Ob-R), and activation of signaling pathways were studied by Western immunoblotting.

Factors affecting the decision to undergo risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy among women with BRCA gene mutation.

The objective of this study was to identify factors that affect the decision to undergo risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations carriers in South Korea. The medical records of 124 women who had been found to have BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation at our institution between May 2003 and December 2011 were reviewed. The carriers were divided into RRSO and non-RRSO groups for comparison of their clinicopathologic, socio-economic, and psychosocial factors.

Factors Associated with Re-excision after Breast-Conserving Surgery for Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Re-excisions after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for breast cancer cause delays in the adjuvant treatment, increased morbidity, and leads to poor aesthetic results. Thus, efforts to reduce the re-excision rate are essential. This study aimed to conclusively determine the re-excision rate and the factors associated with re-excision after BCS.

The prevalence of BRCA mutations among familial breast cancer patients in Korea: results of the Korean Hereditary Breast Cancer study.

The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations among familial breast cancer (BC) patients in Korea. We analyzed 775 familial BC patients who were enrolled in the Korean Hereditary Breast Cancer (KOHBRA) study and treated at 36 institutions between May 2007 and May 2010. Patients with familial BC were defined as BC patients with family histories of BC or ovarian cancer (OC) in any relatives.

Effect of a mixed solution of sodium hyaluronate and carboxymethyl cellulose on upper limb dysfunction after total mastectomy: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.

Restricted shoulder mobility is a major upper limb dysfunction related to lower quality of life and disability after breast cancer surgery. We hypothesized that sodium hyaluronate-carboxymethyl cellulose (HA-CMC) applied to the surface of the pectoralis major muscle after mastectomy would significantly reduce pain and improve range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder in breast cancer patients. We conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled study to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of HA-CMC in the prevention of upper limb dysfunction after total mastectomy (TM).

Limited value and utility of breast MRI in patients undergoing breast-conserving cancer surgery.

Background: Our aim was to compare the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (US) in measuring the size of invasive breast cancer (IBC) and carcinoma in situ (CIS). We also examined the utility of routinely performing MRI in addition to US before breast-conserving surgery (BCS).

Patients And Methods: Data from 1558 consecutive patients diagnosed with IBC and/or CIS between 2003 and 2005 were reviewed.

Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in non-familial breast cancer patients with high risks in Korea: the Korean Hereditary Breast Cancer (KOHBRA) Study.

Prevalence and phenotype of BRCA mutation can vary by race. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations in non-familial breast cancer patients with high risks in Korea. A subset of 758 patients was selected for this study from the KOHBRA nationwide multicenter prospective cohort study.

Clinical significance of annexin A1 expression in breast cancer.

Purpose: The expression of Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is known to be reduced in human breast cancer; however, the role of ANXA1 expression in the development of breast cancer remains unclear. In this study, we determined the relationship between the expression features of ANXA1 and the prognostic factors of breast cancer.

Methods: Human breast tissues were obtained from patients specimens who had undergone breast surgery or core needle biopsies.

Clinical significance of high focal adhesion kinase gene copy number and overexpression in invasive breast cancer.

Increased expression and activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was reported to be an unfavorable factor in various human cancers, including breast cancer. In order to study FAK gene status as a prognostic factor, we evaluated FAK gene copy number and FAK protein expression in invasive breast cancer. Tumors from 435 patients with invasive breast cancer were evaluated for FAK gene status using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) based on tissue array method.

Long-term results after excision of breast mass using a vacuum-assisted biopsy device.

Background: The excision of breast lesions using an ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy device (VABD) is a widely used technique for the diagnosis and treatment of breast disease, but the results of long-term follow-up after VABD excision of benign breast tumours have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of long-term follow-up after complete excision of benign breast tumours using an ultrasound-guided VABD.

Methods: This is a retrospective clinical study.

Clusterin overexpression and relapse-free survival in breast cancer.

Background: The prognostic significance of the antiapoptotic protein secretory clusterin overexpression in breast cancer is unclear.

Patients And Methods: Secretory clusterin expression was explained in three hundred and fifty-two patients with breast cancer by immunohistochemistry. Clusterin overexpression was tested for correlation with overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS).

Overexpression of p53 is correlated with poor outcome in premenopausal women with breast cancer treated with tamoxifen after chemotherapy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in outcomes based on p53 overexpression of patients with breast cancer who received adjuvant therapy following local treatment for invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified. We analyzed data from 4,683 patients with cancer enrolled in two institutions between 1997 and 2006. We analyzed the correlation between p53 overexpression and relapse, response to adjuvant therapy, breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) in patients with primary breast cancer.

Comparison of long-term outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted and open distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer.

Background: Application of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) for early gastric cancer (EGC) is still controversial because of scant evidence of long-term safety and feasibility. We evaluated the long-term outcome of LADG compared with conventional open distal gastrectomy (ODG) for EGC.

Methods: Between March 1999 and July 2006, 106 patients underwent LADG and 105 patients underwent ODG for EGC.

The use of an in vitro adenosine triphosphate-based chemotherapy response assay to predict chemotherapeutic response in breast cancer.

The adenosine triphosphate-based chemotherapy response assay (ATP-CRA) has the advantages of standardization, evaluability, reproducibility, and accuracy, and can be performed on relatively small numbers of tumor cells. A total of 43 patients were enrolled in the present study, and chemosensitivity tests were successfully performed in 40 (93.0%) of these patients.