Deep-learning denoising minimizes radiation exposure in neck CT beyond the limits of conventional reconstruction.

Background: Neck computed tomography (NCT) is essential for diagnosing suspected neck tumors and abscesses, but radiation exposure can be an issue. In conventional reconstruction techniques, limiting radiation dose comes at the cost of diminished diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of an AI-based denoising post-processing software solution in low-dose neck computer tomography.

Local MRI before and after Tumor Resection in Neuroblastoma: Impact of Residual Disease on Event Free Survival.

(1) Background: The study aimed to investigate the influence of MRI-defined residual disease on local tumor control after resection of neuroblastic tumors in patients without routine adjuvant radiotherapy. (2) Methods: Patients, who underwent tumor resection between 2009 and 2019 and received a pre- and postoperative MRI, were included in this retrospective single-center study. Measurement of residual disease (RD) was performed using standardized criteria.

Combined Metabolic and Functional Tumor Volumes on [F]FDG-PET/MRI in Neuroblastoma Using Voxel-Wise Analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between the [F]FDG standard uptake value (SUV) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in neuroblastoma (NB) by voxel-wise analysis.

Methods: From our prospective observational PET/MRI study, a subcohort of patients diagnosed with NB with both baseline imaging and post-chemotherapy imaging was further investigated. After registration and tumor segmentation, metabolic and functional tumor volumes were calculated from the ADC and SUV values using dedicated software allowing for voxel-wise analysis.

Murine Norovirus: Additional Protocols for Basic and Antiviral Studies.

Murine norovirus (MNV) is a positive-sense, plus-stranded RNA virus in the Caliciviridae family. Viruses in this family replicate in the intestine and are transmitted by the fecal-oral route. MNV is related to the human noroviruses, which cause the majority of nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide.

Evaluation of functional and metabolic tumor volume using voxel-wise analysis in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma.

Background: Cross-sectional imaging-based morphological characteristics of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma have failed to predict outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and possible value of generating tumor sub-volumes using voxel-wise analysis of metabolic and functional data from positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) or PET/computed tomography (CT) and MRI in rhabdomyosarcoma.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-four examinations in 17 patients who received PET/MRI or PET/CT plus MRI were analyzed.

Laser induced white emission of diamond.

Laser-induced white emission of diamond was investigated under irradiation with a focused beam of an infrared laser diode. It is a surface-related coherent emission, characterized by an excitation threshold and an exponential dependence on pumping laser power. The mechanism of white emission is discussed in terms of multiphoton ionization of carbon atoms in an irradiated spot.

AI Denoising Improves Image Quality and Radiological Workflows in Pediatric Ultra-Low-Dose Thorax Computed Tomography Scans.

(1) This study evaluates the impact of an AI denoising algorithm on image quality, diagnostic accuracy, and radiological workflows in pediatric chest ultra-low-dose CT (ULDCT). (2) Methods: 100 consecutive pediatric thorax ULDCT were included and reconstructed using weighted filtered back projection (wFBP), iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE 2), and AI denoising (PixelShine). Place-consistent noise measurements were used to compare objective image quality.

Deep learning-based super-resolution gradient echo imaging of the pancreas: Improvement of image quality and reduction of acquisition time.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a deep learning-based super-resolution technique on T1-weighted gradient-echo acquisitions (volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination; VIBE) on the assessment of pancreatic MRI at 1.5 T compared to standard VIBE imaging (VIBE).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective single-center study was conducted between April 2021 and October 2021.

Size-Dependent Persistent Luminescence of YAGG:Cr Nanophosphors.

In the current work, YAGG:Cr nanophosphors were synthesized by the Pechini method and then annealed at different temperatures in the range 800-1300 °C. The structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD). The lattice parameters and average crystalline sizes as site occupation by Al and Ga ions were calculated from the Rietveld refinement data.

AI Denoising Significantly Improves Image Quality in Whole-Body Low-Dose Computed Tomography Staging.

(1) Background: To evaluate the effects of an AI-based denoising post-processing software solution in low-dose whole-body computer tomography (WBCT) stagings; (2) Methods: From 1 January 2019 to 1 January 2021, we retrospectively included biometrically matching melanoma patients with clinically indicated WBCT staging from two scanners. The scans were reconstructed using weighted filtered back-projection (wFBP) and Advanced Modeled Iterative Reconstruction strength 2 (ADMIRE 2) at 100% and simulated 50%, 40%, and 30% radiation doses. Each dataset was post-processed using a novel denoising software solution.

Clinical Evaluation of an Abbreviated Contrast-Enhanced Whole-Body MRI for Oncologic Follow-Up Imaging.

Over the last decades, overall survival for most cancer types has increased due to earlier diagnosis and more effective treatments. Simultaneously, whole-body MRI-(WB-MRI) has gained importance as a radiation free staging alternative to computed tomography. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic confidence and reproducibility of a novel abbreviated 20-min WB-MRI for oncologic follow-up imaging in patients with melanoma.

Surface related laser induced white emission of Cr:YAG ceramic.

In this work we report the white light emission in transparent Cr:YAG ceramic pellet upon irradiation with focused beam of CW infrared laser diode. It was found that this phenomenon is specifically related to interaction of laser beam with a surface of the pellet. The white light was emitted outside an irradiated spot at the surface of the pellet and did not penetrate inside the pellet.

Kinetics of Cr to Cr ion valence transformations and intra-lattice cation exchange of Cr in Cr,Ca:YAG ceramics used as laser gain and passive Q-switching media.

This paper focuses on the kinetics of Cr formation in Cr,Ca:YAG ceramics prepared by solid-state reaction sintering. The kinetics of Cr formation was studied by annealing of Cr,Ca:YAG ceramics in ambient air under different temperatures at different times, resulting in the transformation of Cr to Cr. The activation energy (E) of Cr oxidation determined by the Jander model was 2.

Ferromagnetic-like behavior of BiLaFeO-KBr nanocomposites.

We studied magnetostatic response of the BiLaFeO- KBr composites (BLFO-KBr) consisting of nanosized (≈100 nm) ferrite BiLaFeO (BLFO) conjugated with fine grinded ionic conducting KBr. When the fraction of KBr is rather small (less than 15 wt%) the magnetic response of the composite is very weak and similar to that observed for the BLFO (pure KBr matrix without BiLaFeO has no magnetic response as anticipated). However, when the fraction of KBr increases above 15%, the magnetic response of the composite changes substantially and the field dependence of magnetization reveals ferromagnetic-like hysteresis loop with a remanent magnetization about 0.

Hole Trapping Process and Highly Sensitive Ratiometric Thermometry over a Wide Temperature Range in Pr-Doped NaLaTiO Layered Perovskite Microcrystals.

We demonstrate a potential optical thermometric material, Pr-doped triple-layered perovskite NaLaTiO microcrystals, which promises a remarkable performance in temperature sensing over a wide temperature range (125-533 K), with a maximum relative sensitivity of 2.43% K at 423 K. Both temperature and high-pressure dependent photoluminescence measurements were performed for this compound.

[Microwave resonance therapy in the treatment of patients with duodenal ulcer].

Microwave resonance treatment (MRT) of duodenal ulcer leads to normalization of relationships between aggressive and defense ulcerogenesis factors. This combines with activation of reparative regeneration of the ulcer lesion. There appears a tendency to a decline in pepsin and hydrochloric acid secretion in the gastric juice, plasmic gastrin concentrations decrease more noticeably, production of protective glycoproteins of the gastric mucus grows as well as of E 2 prostaglandins and plasmic secretin.

[The use of microwave resonance therapy in peptic ulcer with concomitant liver involvement].

Based on an investigation of indices of enzymatic spectrum of the blood, cyclic nucleotides, ultrasonic and rheographic examination of the liver the authors confirmed high efficiency of using electromagnetic radiation in the millimeter-wave range in ulcer disease and concomitant diseases of the liver.