Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1857-1940): Introducing fever therapy in the treatment of neurosyphilis.

For centuries, heat has been used in various ways for the cure of mental diseases. Hippocrates noted that malarial fever could have a calming effect in epileptics. Centuries later, Galen described a case of melancholy cured as a result of an attack of quartan fever.

DNA polymorphisms: what they are and their role in human pigmentation.

The color of the skin, hair and eye is controlled by multiple genes and is among the most visible examples of human phenotypic variation. Genetics correlate phenotypic with genotypic variation. Recent scientific work reveals DNA polymorphisms at least partially responsible for some of the differences observed in human pigmentation.

Fibroadenoma masquerading carcinoma on fine-needle aspiration of the breast.

Objective: Benign and malignant lesions of the breast may have similar appearances on fine-needle aspiration cytology. We report a case of fibroadenoma that was diagnosed as carcinoma by cytology.

Case Study: Breast fine-needle aspiration biopsy was highly cellular and composed of bland-appearing spindle/columnar cells that could represent either epithelial or stromal cells; the case was reported as positive and the patient had subsequent excisional biopsy taken.

Cell proliferation and DNA fragmentation (apoptosis) on FNABs of breast invasive ductal carcinomas and their relationship to clinicopathological variables and prognosis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate cell proliferation and apoptosis in ductal breast invasive carcinomas and their relationship to prognosis. Fifty cases, from the same number of operable female patients, were diagnosed cytologically on FNA biopsies as invasive ductal breast carcinomas and confirmed histologically after oncectomy. In the same cases, to evaluate the cell proliferation and apoptosis, the MIB1 and the TUNEL method were used respectively.